1. Integrated Waterbird Management & Monitoring Program IWMM Andy Wilson USGS Patuxent, Laurel, Maryland amwilson@usgs.gov

2. What is the IWMM Program? The integration of management, data and decisions at the local, regional and flyway scale.

4. “What is the best way to manage this wetland?” “What is this wetlands highest and greatest contribution to flyway conservation efforts?” “How does the bird use and management of this wetland compare to other wetland units?” “How should this wetland be managed to optimize stopover quality?” Where did IWMM come from?

5. “How do I allocate funds among wetland units in an informed and transparent way?” “Which wetlands are important to waterfowl …. shorebirds ….. wading birds?” “If I allocate more funds and staff which areas will significantly increase this region’s contribution to flyway conservation efforts?”

6. “Where, when and in what numbers are migratory birds using stopover habitats?” “Where in a flyway should we focus acquisition and restoration activities?” “Are there important sites within this flyway that are not protected?”

7. Key Management Decisions Flyway: when, where, how much habitat? Regional: optimal allocation of funds Local: optimal management strategies Adaptive Management SHC

8. Linking Management Decisions with Data  Improved Resource Contributions  Good Decisions  Supported by defensible data  Clearly Documented Decisions  Promote understanding of decision making process  Reduce controversy

9. IWMM Evolution  Structured decision making workshops at NCTC  Need for integration across spatial scales  Steering Group formed in 2009  Protocol Development in 2010  Lots of partners  Model development 2010-2012  Pilot Season 2010/2011  Operational later in 2011 or 2012  Build organically  Program success will depend on development of useful tools

10. Flyway Identify Critical Waterbird Sites State / Region Determine Funding Distribution Evaluation of Site Contribution Local Actions Determine Optimal Wetland Management Scenario Monitoring Data: Habitat Quality Bird Use Management Decisions: Mgmt. Actions Costs Habitat Conditions Focal Species Conservation Priorities Habitat Deficiencies Bird Use:Cost Analysis Site Potential Land Acquisition Priorities Conservation Priorities Allocation of Staff & Funds Land Acquisition Priorities Conservation Priorities

11. Flyway Model Components include GIS data layers and biological parameters (from literature)

12. Path 1 = 1706 Birds Path 2 = 530 Birds Flyway ModelFlyway Model

13. Bird Use (B) Funds αAH 1 αAH 2 ∆1∆1 ∆2∆2 Regional and local allocation: cost effectiveness ∆3∆3 AH = Available Habitat B = Contribution of Bird-Days αAH 3

14. 2010/2011 Pilot Season Test basic Vegetation Survey and Bird Survey Protocols Highlight key constraints for effective data collection Recommend modification for basic methods and development of more detailed techniques where needed Use “real data” to test Structured Decision Making Models

15. Designed to be simple – mass participation! Based on expert knowledge - >20 biologists consulted Vegetation Surveys twice per seasonVegetation Surveys twice per season

16. Weekly Bird Surveys

17. Use “site condition” to make predictions… The model will allow us to predict change in BUDs due to changes in habitat (ultimately management) Scores all units on a comparable scale for each guild site 1site 2site 3 swans/geese654030 dabblers728950 divers191090 waders277022 shorebirds58608 e.g. site 3 is a diving duck site – flyway model might suggest it would contribute more as a dabbler site

18. Management increases habitat-value index for site from 40 to 60

19. Bird-use days/ha (dabblers) predicted to increase from 40/ha to 250/ha ∆ buds on a 10 ha site = 2,100 ∆ buds on a 200 ha site = 42,000

20. Over 100 sites surveyed during pilot season

21. Moving forward Lots of challenges remain: – Protocols, large areas, inaccessible wetlands – Very complex and ambitious program, steep learning curve, progress may not be linear! – Long-term funding – Scale Other taxa? Four regional teams (NA, SA, UM, LM) Online data system Ensure we keep learning lessons!

22. Acknowledgements Over 60 individuals - program development Over 90 participants in pilot season Partners: – FWS, USGS – State agencies – Ducks Unlimited – LCCs and JVs – Universities – Lincoln Park Zoo – PRBO Hal Laskowski