1. The Science of Classifying Organisms Taxonomy

2. Classification GROUPING things according to their CHARACTERISTICS.

3. Biodiversity Scientists estimate that there are 5 million kinds of DIFFERENT plants, animals and microorganisms on earth.

4. CAROLUS LINNAEUS Developed a SYSTEM for grouping ORGANISMS.

5. CAROLUS LINNAEUS 1. Placed organisms into SMALLER and SMALLER groups based on SIMILARITIES. Similarities –STRUCTURAL -- most important –BIOCHEMICAL –GENETIC –BEHAVIORAL

6. Groups KINGDOM (largest) PHYLUM CLASS ORDER FAMILY GENUS SPECIES (smallest)

7. CAROLUS LINNAEUS 2. Gave an organism a TWO-WORD LATIN name. (binomial nomenclature) Example –COMMON name cougar, puma, mountain lion –SCIENTIFIC name Felis concolor GENUS, SPECIES Last name, first name

8. Examples of Scientific Names Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus

9. Examples of Scientific Names Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Ovis sp.

10. Examples of Scientific Names Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Ovis sp. Swine: Suidae sp.

11. Examples of Scientific Names Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Ovis sp. Swine: Suidae sp. Horse: Euquis sp.

12. Examples of Scientific Names Cattle: Bos taurus, Bos indicus Sheep: Ovis sp. Swine: Suidae sp. Horse: Euquis sp. Chickens: Galus galus

13. SPECIES or "KIND” A GROUP of closely related (SIMILAR) organisms that INTERBREED and have FERTILE offspring

14. Biodiversity No SINGLE inventory (book) of ALL classified species

15. 5 Kingdoms of living things. ANIMAL PLANT FUNGI BACTERIA (MONERA) PROTISTS

16. Using A Dichotomous Key Dichotomous means "BREAKING into SMALLER parts"

17. Kingdom Encompasses large groups; such as plants, animals or fungi.

18. Phylum Subgroup within a kingdom. Animals belong to the phylum Chordata. (meaning they have a spinal “chord”)

19. Class A sub group within a phylum containing common characteristics.

20. Order A sub group within a class.

21. Family A sub group with an order.

22. Genus A sub group within a family Species with uniquely shared traits Species are thought to be closely related.

23. Species Unique group of organisms united by heredity or interbreeding Defined based on unique features

25. What’s in a name?

27. Dichotomous Key Assists in Identification Contains pairs of contrasting descriptions The key directs the user to another pair of descriptors or Identifies an object

28. 3 Broad Groups Eukaryote –Multiple chromosomes and a mitotic cycle i.e. animals Prokaryote –Single-Celled does not have nucleus or membrane- bound structures i.e. bacteria Archaea –Prokaryotes in extreme environments difference in genetic make up of their cell call. i.e. bacteria in hot pots