1. Introduction to Respiration
April 24, 2017

2. Respiration
oxygen & carbon dioxide move in or out of cells by ___________
molecules can diffuse through cell membranes only if ___________ in water
therefore respiratory surfaces must always remain ___________
therefore surfaces are lined with ___________
diffusion
dissolved
moist
mucus
April 24, 2017

3. Overview of Cardiopulmonary System
inhalation
exhalation
air
External Environment
terrestrial:_______
water
aquatic: _________
external respiration
Respiratory surface
lungs
Internal Environment
higher animals
gills
fish: _______
lower
animals
skin
internal respiration
Cellular Respiration
April 24, 2017

4. Components of the Respiratory System
April 24, 2017

5. thoracic cavity (ribs)
pharynx 3
nasal cavity 1 4
epiglottis
larynx 5
cartilage rings 7 6
trachea
bronchi (us) 8
thoracic cavity (ribs) 12
bronchioles 9
pleural membrane
alveoli 10 13
heart
diaphragm 14 11

6. Components of the Respiratory System
Nostrils: entrance for air into the respiratory system
contains nasal hairs  filters air
Nasal cavity:
warms air –
via nearby capillaries
warm air diffuses faster
moistens air:
lined with mucus membranes
oxygen dissolves in moist air
cleans air:
cilia & mucus remove foreign particles
April 24, 2017

7. Components of the Respiratory System
Pharynx:
common tube for respiratory & digestive systems
filters air via cilia
protects against pathogens because it contains lymph tissues (tonsils & adenoids)
April 24, 2017

8. Components of the Respiratory System
Epiglottis:
flap of tissue supported
by cartilage
blocks opening of respiratory
tract when swallowing to
prevent solids and liquids
from entering lungs
Larynx:
contains vocal cords
which vibrate when air
passes through them
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9. April 24, 2017

10. Components of the Respiratory System
Trachea:
conducts air from larynx towards lungs
has cartilage rings to prevent collapsing
lined with cilia & mucus to trap “foreign” substances
April 24, 2017

11. Trachea glottis (opening into trachea) cilia dust larynx (voice box)
move dust up & out 1 9
dust 7 2
larynx (voice box)
goblet cells
make mucus
trap dust 8 3
trachea 4
cartilage ring
prevent collapsing 5
bronchus
bronchiole
no cartilage rings 6 10
esophagus
April 24, 2017

12. Components of the Respiratory System
Bronchi:
left bronchus & right bronchus conduct air into & out of the left and right lung respectively
has cartilage rings to prevent collapsing
April 24, 2017

13. Components of the Respiratory System
Lungs:
organ involved in ventilation & respiration
left lung is smaller (2 lobes) vs right lung (3 lobes) because of the presence of the heart
April 24, 2017

14. Blood Vessels in Lungs
April 24, 2017

15. Components of the Respiratory System
Diaphragm:
dome-shaped
muscle beneath the
lungs that is involved
in breathing
(inhalation/exhalation)
April 24, 2017

16. Components of the Respiratory System
Pleural membrane (pleura):
thin fluid-filled double membrane that surrounds each lung and the inner wall of the thoracic cavity
lubricates and aids in breathing
April 24, 2017

17. Components of the Respiratory System
Thoracic cavity (chest cavity):
holds & protects the
lungs & the heart
bounded by the
ribs, sternum &
the diaphragm
sternum
April 24, 2017

18. Components of the Respiratory System
Bronchioles:
smallest branches of the airway
carries air from bronchi to alveoli
lack cartilage rings
Alveoli:
tiny moist “sacs” (8 million) where
gas exchange takes place
large surface area to
increase rate of gas exchange
(diffusion)
April 24, 2017

19. Components of the Respiratory System
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20. Components of the Respiratory System
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21. lined with mucus on the inside
The Alveoli
pulmonary arterioles
pulmonary venules
alveolar epithelial cells
1 cell thick
lined with mucus on the inside
CO2 O2
RBC’s
capillary cells
1 cell thick
April 24, 2017

22. Components of the Respiratory System
April 24, 2017

23. Alveoli 4. pulmonary arterioles bronchiole capillary 3. alveoli1 4
capillary 2 4
3. alveoli 5 3 5
April 24, 2017
5.pulmonary venules

24. WHY SMOKE?
smoker’s lungs
healthy lungs
April 24, 2017

25. Respiration: involves 3 processes 1. Ventilation (Breathing)
What Happens?/Where?
Involves
1. Ventilation
(Breathing)
2. Gas Exchange
3. Cellular
Respiration
the movement of air into & out of the lungs
inhalation aka inspiration
exhalation aka expiration
muscles use energy to pull rib cage up & out
external respiration: lungs
exchange of O2 & CO2 between blood & air
internal respiration: cells
exchange of O2 & CO2 between blood & cells
diffusion
no energy
passive transport
chemical reactions
bonds broken
catabolic
exothermic
in mitochondria
glucose broken down
ATP produced
April 24, 2017

26. Components of the Respiratory System
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27. Components of the Respiratory System
April 24, 2017

28. Components of the Respiratory System
CILIA
April 24, 2017

29. Components of the Respiratory System
April 24, 2017