1. Marie Downing Walden University Richard W. Riley School of Education and Leadership EdD Student EDUC 8101

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3.  Born December 4, 1925 in Canada  He and his family struggled through many hardships during his younger years  He attended his elementary through high school years at the only school in town.  The school had very limited resources. 3

4.  He attended the University of British Columbia in Vancouver  He went on to study psychology at the University of Iowa where he earned a M.A. degree in 1951 and a Ph.D. degree in clinical psychology 1952  In 1953, he joined the faculty of Stanford University where he remained throughout his long career 4

5.  Theories on behaviorism are derived from several different theorists  Edward L. Thorndike, B.F. Skinner, and others.  Assumptions include:  Environment shapes behavior  Reinforcement increases probability of desired action being repeated 5

6. Examples of social learning situations include television commercials. 6

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8.  Bandura’s theory of learning takes into account three things  The person  The person’s environment  The person’s psychological processes 8

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12.  Observational learning  Attention  Retention (memory)  Behavioral reversal  Motivation 12  Enactive learning Learning from the outcomes of a person’s personal actions

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14.  Incentive motivators  A trip to the park if a task or assignment is completed 14  Vicarious motivators Observed positive outcomes

15. Can we think of ways that Bandura’s theory can be applied to teaching and learning? 15

16.  One problem with social learning is that it is difficult to predict what all individuals will perceive as positive. 16

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18. Alexander, R. (1976). Toward a moral criterion for use by behavior modifiers. Retrieved from ERIC database Bandura, A. (2009). Social cognitive theory goes global. The Psychologist, 22(6), 504-506. Retrieved from PsycINFO database. Bandura, A. (1986). Social foundations of thought and action: A social cognitivist theory. Needham Heights, MA: Allyn & Bacon. Cramer, R., Neal, T., & Brodsky, S. (2009). Self-efficacy and confidence: Theoretical distinctions and implications for trial consultation. Consulting Psychology Journal: Practice and Research, 61 (4), 319-334. doi:10.1037/a0017310. 18

19. Elias, H., Mahyuddin, R., Noordin, N., Abdullah, M., & Roslan, S. (2009). Self-efficacy beliefs of at-risk students in Malaysian secondary schools. International Journal of Learning, 16 (4), 201-209. Retrieved from Education Research Complete database. Griffin, E., (2010). A first look at communication theory. Retrieved online from http://www.afirstlook.com/docs/sociallearning.pdf Merriam, S. B., Caffarella, R. S., & Baumgartner, L. M. (2007). Learning in adulthood: A comprehensive guide (3rd ed.). San Francisco: Jossey- Bass. Nilsen, H. (2009). Influence on student academic behaviour through motivation, self-efficacy and value-expectation: An action research project to improve learning. Issues in Informing Science & Information Technology, 6, 545-556. Retrieved from Academic Search Complete database. Pajares, F. (2004). Albert Bandura: Biographical sketch. Retrieved, from http://des.emory.edu/mfp/bandurabio.html. http://des.emory.edu/mfp/bandurabio.html 19

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