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1 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith Studying Childhood Development The Epilogue Part IV.

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Presentation on theme: "1 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith Studying Childhood Development The Epilogue Part IV."— Presentation transcript:

1 1 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith Studying Childhood Development The Epilogue Part IV

2 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith2 Social Learning Theories Proposed that children learn new behaviors through ___________ and _________.

3 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith3 Social Learning Theories Albert Bandura maintains that children form ______ representations of their _______ world. A child has as much influence on environment as the environment has on the child (________ ___________).

4 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith4 Social Learning Theories Children’s mental representations of a situation influence the way they ___ and ____, which determines how others _______ and ________ to them. These reactions, in turn, influence children’s thinking and behavior in ___________ ________.

5 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith5 Model of the Bobo Doll Experiment

6 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith6 Bandura’s Bobo Doll & the Study of Violence in Children See the video clip!

7 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith7 Social Learning Theories Is an interactive perspective in that emphasis is on __________ relationships between a child’s internal states and the ___________.

8 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith8 Contextual Theories Help to explain ______ influences on children’s development. Assume a child has an _______ role in shaping his/her own development ___ ________ _______ or endpoints Development cannot be separated from the “________” in which it takes place.

9 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith9 Social-Cultural Theory Lev Vygotsky – considered the influence of a child’s _______ and ________ context.

10 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith10 Social-Cultural Theory Proposed that knowledge is not individually constructed; rather, it is _____________ between people. Believed that children are _______ with certain “elementary functions”. –___________ –Memory –Attention –Language

11 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith11 Social-Cultural Theory These functions are transformed into higher _______ functions through ___________ with others. As a child gains new skills and knowledge, the other person involved in an interaction ________ his or her level of guidance and assistance, which allows the child to assume more and more _____________.

12 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith12 Social-Cultural Theory Vygotsky did not specify a set of developmental _______, or a ________ _______ of development... Because _________ ______ with respect to goals for children’s development ___________ cannot be separated from the context in which it takes place.

13 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith13 Ecological Theories Urie Bronfenbrenner envisions development as embedded in _________ __________. “A child’s world is organized as a set of ______ ________, each inside the next, like a set of Russian dolls.”

14 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith14 Ecological Theories Child is at the center, born with certain temperamental, mental, and physical characteristics that create the _________ context for his or her development… However, all are __________ in a broader ______ and _________ context.

15 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith15 Ecological Theories Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model ______ ______ – shared beliefs, values, and customs (as well as various subgroups found within the culture) Change can originate from ______ the child or from _________ the child. Changes in one level of context can _________ what occurs at other levels.

16 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith16 Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model

17 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith17 Bronfenbrenner’s Ecological Model Can: Be used for understanding ________ __________ between biological and environmental effects as well as relations between different environmental context. Help us understand that the environment in which children live is so ________ and _________ that development cannot be reduced to any one single source.

18 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith18

19 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith19 What Teenagers Really Think About Their Schools Teenagers Believe education is _________. Want to do ___ in school and go on to college. Want teachers who give __________ help, are enthusiastic and excited, care personally, are compassionate and respectful for them, emphasize class discussions. Want ___________ that challenge them personally. Need close and unwavering __________ of teachers to help them ______ to learn and help them ________ learning.

20 Dr. Richard A. NeSmith20 What Teenagers Really Think (cont.) See most of what they learn as ________ and __________. Complain about lack of ________ from teachers and other students. Want more _________, firmness, and ___________. Complain that we have too many ___________ schools, poor ________, and crowded classes. See drugs and ________ as serious concerns in their lives.


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