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1 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 Computer Networks, 5th Edition Getting Connected.

Published byLeslie Wilkerson Modified over 9 years ago

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Presentation on theme: "1 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 Computer Networks, 5th Edition Getting Connected."— Presentation transcript:

1 1 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 Computer Networks, 5th Edition Getting Connected

2 2 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.1 An end-user’s view of the Internet.

3 3 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.2 Electromagnetic spectrum.

4 4 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.3 Signals travel between signalling components; bits flow between adaptors.

5 5 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.4 NRZ encoding of a bit stream.

6 6 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.5 Different encoding strategies.

7 7 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.6 Bits flow between adaptors, frames between hosts.

8 8 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.7 BISYNC frame format.

9 9 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.8 PPP frame format.

10 10 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.9 DDCMP frame format.

11 11 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.10 HDLC frame format.

12 12 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.11 A SONET STS-1 frame.

13 13 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.12 Three STS-1 frames multiplexed onto one STS-3c frame.

14 14 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.13 SONET frames out of phase.

15 15 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.14 Two-dimensional parity.

16 16 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.15 CRC calculation using polynomial long division.

17 17 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.16 CRC calculation using shift register.

18 18 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.17 Timeline showing four different scenarios for the stop-and-wait algorithm. (a) The ACK is received before the timer expires; (b) the original frame is lost; (c) the ACK is lost; (d) the timeout fires too soon.

19 19 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.18 Timeline for stop-and-wait with 1-bit sequence number.

20 20 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.19 Timeline for the sliding window algorithm.

21 21 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.20 Sliding window on sender.

22 22 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.21 Sliding window on receiver.

23 23 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.22 Ethernet transceiver and adaptor.

24 24 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.23 Ethernet repeater.

25 25 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.24 Ethernet hub.

26 26 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.25 Ethernet frame format.

27 27 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.26 Worst-case scenario: (a) A sends a frame at time t; (b) A’s frame arrives at B at time t + d; (c) B begins transmitting at time t + d and collides with A’s frame; (d) B’s runt (32-bit) frame arrives at A at time t + 2d.

28 28 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.27 Example 4-bit chipping sequence.

29 29 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.28 A wireless network using a base station.

30 30 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.29 A wireless ad hoc or mesh network.

31 31 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.30 The hidden node problem. Although A and C are hidden from each other, their signals can collide at B. (B’s reach is not shown.)

32 32 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.31 The exposed node problem. Although B and C are exposed to each other’s signals, there is no interference if B transmits to A while C transmits to D. (A and D’s reaches are not shown.)

33 33 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.32 Access points connected to a distribution system.

34 34 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.33 Node mobility.

35 35 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.34 802.11 frame format.

36 36 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.35 A Bluetooth piconet.

37 37 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.36 Diagram for Exercise 1.

38 38 Copyright © 2012, Elsevier Inc. All rights Reserved Chapter 2 FIGURE 2.37 Diagram for Exercises 36 to 38.

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