1. Urbanization: An Introduction Global Geography 12 M. Doherty & N. Burbridge

2. Urbanization Urbanization - redistribution from the countryside to the city Urbanization - redistribution from the countryside to the city Therefore, urbanization is measured as the Therefore, urbanization is measured as the percent of the population residing in an urban area But how do we define “urban”? But how do we define “urban”?

3. Urban is defined by: 1) population size 2) space 3) ratio of population to space - density 4) economic and social organization Panama City http://www.canalmuseum.com/canalphotos/panama-city-15.jpg

4. http://1.bp.blogspot.com/_TImD3ka9ppg/SBYDIa-LabI/AAAAAAAAAFk/JUWCYDLZC-s/s400/cartoon%2B2.jpg

5. Impacts of Urbanization in MDC’s Positive higher wages higher wages economies of scale economies of scale More social mobility More social mobility Negative crowding (applies to crowding (applies to suburbs as well as central cities now) More violent crime More violent crime pollution (suburbanization pollution (suburbanization doesn’t help) concentration of the poor concentration of the poor in central cities Toronto http://www.torontorealestatedirect.com/toronto

6. Additional Impacts of Urbanization in LDC’s Positive Lower fertility Lower fertility Lower mortality Lower mortality More opportunities for More opportunities for political participation Negative More sexually More sexually transmitted diseases Expansion of amenities Expansion of amenities (water, education, sanitation) failing to keep pace with urban Growth Mexico City http://azteca.free.fr/Divers/mexico.jpg

7. Terms To Know Site Characteristics – Every settlement site is chosen for particular reasons. These are known as site characteristics. Landforms (i.e. is the area protected by mountains or is there a natural harbor present?) Landforms (i.e. is the area protected by mountains or is there a natural harbor present?) Climate Climate Vegetation types Vegetation types Availability of water Availability of water Soil quality Soil quality Minerals Minerals Wildlife Wildlife http://stelizabethsdevelopment.com

8. Terms To Know Situation Characteristics - are defined as the location of a place relative to its surroundings and other places. Accessibility of the location Accessibility of the location The extent of a place's connections with another The extent of a place's connections with another How close an area may be to raw materials if they are not located specifically on the site How close an area may be to raw materials if they are not located specifically on the siteHalifax http://www.greatearthexpeditions.com/

9. Terms To Know Site Modifications – Changes made to a site to make it more beneficial Levelling my backyard Levelling my backyard Putting a drainage pipe and gravel Putting a drainage pipe and gravel Planting a weeping willow tree to suck up extra water Planting a weeping willow tree to suck up extra water Creating a man-made pond or water feature Creating a man-made pond or water feature

10. Terms To Know Situation Modifications – Changes made to a situation to make it more beneficial Building a bridge to the next town or city (Shown is Angus L. MacDonald bridge built in 1955) Building a bridge to the next town or city (Shown is Angus L. MacDonald bridge built in 1955) Adding infrastructure like roads and communication Adding infrastructure like roads and communication Extracting nearby available natural resources Extracting nearby available natural resourceshttp://i845.photobucket.com/albums/ab18/nsarm/bridge.jpg

11. Barcelona, Spain http://cdn.travelmuse.com/docs/artwork/barcelona/barcelona-cruise-break-las-ramblas-aerial-large.jpg

12. Barcelona, Spain Site Characteristics Situation Characteristics  Hill for defence  Port  Reliable water supply for drinking and power  Route Centre  Fertile farmland  Limestone quarries  Flat land for building  Close to wealthy NW European markets  Sheltered by hills to the north  South-facing slope

13. Terms To Know Every city serves a function. These functions will fall into one of three (3) categories: Every city serves a function. These functions will fall into one of three (3) categories: 1. Specialized Function 2. Central Place Function 3. Break-of-Bulk

14. Terms To Know Specialized Function – The location at which cities are dominated by one activity such as mining, manufacturing or recreation and serving national and international markets The location at which cities are dominated by one activity such as mining, manufacturing or recreation and serving national and international marketswww.capebretoncoalminers.ca/

15. Terms To Know Central Place Function – The location at which a settlement simply functions as a 'central place' providing goods and services to surrounding areas The location at which a settlement simply functions as a 'central place' providing goods and services to surrounding areas http://www.thesystem.org/uploaded_images/christallerssouthernger many1.gif

16. Terms To Know Break-of-Bulk – The location at which a cargo is unloaded and broken up into smaller units prior to delivery, and perhaps changing modes of transportation, minimizing transport costs. The location at which a cargo is unloaded and broken up into smaller units prior to delivery, and perhaps changing modes of transportation, minimizing transport costs.img.alibaba.com/photo/104880623 http://i90.photobucket.com/albums/k268/wetcoastkidjst/Rail %20CN/9f9fed87-jst.jpg http://i90.photobucket.com/albums/k268/wetcoastkidjst/Rail %20CN/9f9fed87-jst.jpg