1. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.1 Clean Coal Technology and Sustainable Development Barbara Bauman Director, Washington Relations EPRI World Environment Center May 17, 2001 Ph: 202-293-7513 Email: bbauman@epri.com

2. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.2 Technology Roadmap Sustainable Energy Future Energy Industry Needs Today Energy Industry Needs Today Creating a Roadmap to the Future

3. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.3 2010 2025 2015 Strengthen the Power Delivery Infrastructure Enable the Digital Economy Accelerate Economic Growth and Productivity Resolve Energy/ Carbon Conflict Meet the Global Sustainability Challenge 1 1 2 2 3 3 4 4 5 5 2005 2003 2000 2003 2000 Building the Electricity Technology Road

4. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.4 Policy Trilemma Pollution Prosperity Population Policy

5. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.5 The World Population Explosion 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 15001600 1700 1800 1900 20002100 Population (billions)

6. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.6 Megacities Will Challenge Infrastructure Capabilities

7. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.7 What 10,000 GW of Global Generating Capacity Means Tripling current world power plant capacity Adding 200,000 MW/yr Investing $100 - 150 billion/yr It’s equivalent to: < 5 years of current world automobile engine production Less than 0.3% of world GDP Less than the world spends on cigarettes, etc. It can and must be done!

8. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.8 Broad Portfolio of Generation Options Clean coal technologies Carbon sequestration Advanced nuclear power Distributed renewable power systems Electricity/hydrogen Limit-Breaking Technologies

9. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.9 Issues -- Future Coal-Based Generation Competitiveness with natural gas combined cycle generation CO 2 emissions Upcoming environmental regulations Inadequate funding of technology development programs Surviving the long dry spell Public perception that “coal” is a dirty word

10. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.10 0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 199519982005201020152020 Year Carbon Emissions, MMT 0 500 1000 1500 2000 2500 Electric Power Generation, BkWh Carbon from Coal Carbon from Gas Carbon from Oil Oil Generation Gas Generation Coal Generation Sources: EIA Annual Energy Outlook 1998, 2000 U. S. Electric Power Generation and Carbon Emissions by Fuel, 1995 - 2020

11. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.11 Advanced Clean Coal Generation Options Ultrasupercritical pulverized coal technology (USC) –Higher efficiency through higher operating temperature and pressure –Pacing technology: alloys for high T & P service Integrated gasification combined cycle (IGCC) –Coal as the raw material for making synthesis gas –Gas for power and coproduction of chemicals –Pacing technologies: materials; solids handling

12. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.12 Cost of CO2 Removal -- A Strong Function of Generation Technology Source: Delallo, et al.

13. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.13 Cost-Effective CO 2 Sequestration Project:CO 2 mitigation with the aid of carbonic anhydrase Existing Process:CO 2 removal and concentration step for exhaust gases New Process: Enzyme-catalyzed scrubbing of exhaust gasses at ambient conditions Savings:Substantial cost reduction; reduces risk of coal generation Benefit:Environmental friendly; permanent sequestration

14. RM GEP/SMG 05/17/2001.14 Electricity and Sustainable Development