1. Biospecies Information By: Bryan Sadowski

2. Proteins ● Made up of amino acid chains – Typically 200-300, but can be as high as 27,000 (titin) ● Functions proteins are responsible for: – Structures of cells – Transport of materials in body fluids – Receptors for hormones http://www.accessexcellence.org/AB/GG/aminoAcid.html

3. Amino Acids ● The monomers making up protein polymers ● Made of alpha C, attached to: – Amino group – Carboxyl group to donate H – One of 20 “R” groups ● Nine essential amino acids – Histidine, Isoleucine, Leucine, Lysine, Methionine, Phenylalanine, Threonine, Tryptophan, Valine Aline amino acid representation http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPag es/A/AminoAcids.html

4. Enzymes ● Catalysts for body funtions ● Most are proteins – some use RNA as catalysts (ribozymes) ● Bond temporarily to reactants and lower activation energy for reaction ● Example of a body catalyst – Carbonic anhydrase in red blood cells ● CO 2 + H 2 O H 2 CO 3, allows transport of carbon dioxide from tissue to lungs

5. Cells ● Structural units that make up plants and animals ● Made up of 90% cytoplasm – Free amino acids, proteins, glucose, etc... ● Other 10% consist of: – 59% H, 24% O, 11% C, 4% N, 2% other ● Some of the organelles in the cell: – Nucleus (DNA), endoplasmic reticulum (protein synthesis), mitochondria (food to energy)

6. Nucleic Acids ● Building blocks of DNA and RNA ● Four types of bases – Adenine (A), thymine (T), guanine (G), cytosine (C) – Bond A to T and C to G – Form into two complimentary, antiparallel chains adeninethymine cytosine guanine http://ndbserver.rutgers.edu/NDB/archives/NAintr o/

7. Sources ● http://www.cbc.umn.edu/~mwd/cell_www/cell_intro.html http://www.cbc.umn.edu/~mwd/cell_www/cell_intro.html ● http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Proteins.html http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/P/Proteins.html ● http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AminoAcids.html http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/A/AminoAcids.html ● http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/Enzymes.html http://users.rcn.com/jkimball.ma.ultranet/BiologyPages/E/Enzymes.html ● http://ndbserver.rutgers.edu/NDB/archives/NAintro/ http://ndbserver.rutgers.edu/NDB/archives/NAintro/