1. Latin American History

2. Do Now ~ Page 99 Add to the Class T chart on the back white board!
On page 99, please complete your T chart with what you now know about Japanese History.
What I know about Japan
What I now know about Japan after last week
Fill in your new, fabulous knowledge here!
Add to the Class T chart on the back white board!

3. Page 107 SAMPLE: Word Splash About Dogs
Complete a word splash on page 107 with everything you know about Latin American history/culture Contribute to the word splash on the board
SAMPLE: Word Splash About Dogs
Man’s best friend
Fur
Many breeds
Big teeth

4. Objectives
I can identify the different classes and their roles in colonial Latin America.
I can explain how countries in Latin America came to be independent with revolutionary movements lead by Simon Bolivar and Jose San Martin.

5. Years of Independence

6. Latin American Colonies
Social Structure was sharply divided
Peninsulares: men born in Spain. Could hold high office in colonial govt. (0.1%)
Creoles: Spaniards born in Latin America. Could not hold high office in col. govt, but can be military officers (22.8%)
Mestizos: people of mixed European and Native ancestry
Mulattos: Persons of mixed European and African Ancestry
Africans
Indian Natives to Latin America: little value because were not slaves. Most oppressed group (55.8%)

7. 18th-Century Spanish Efforts to Classify People by Race
Spaniard and Indian produce a Mestizo
From Spaniard and Mestiza, Castiza
Spaniard and Castiza, produce Spaniard
Mestizo and Indian makes Coyote
Black and Spaniard makes Mulatto
Mulatto and Spaniard makes Morisco
Spaniard and Morisca makes Albino
Spaniard and Albino makes a Black-Return-Backwards
Black and Indian makes Wolf
Wolf and Indian makes Zambaiga
Zambaigo and Indian makes Albarazado
Albarazada and Indian makes Chamizo
Chamizo and Indian makes Cambuja
From Albarrado and Indian, a Cachimboreta is born
From Indian and Cambuja, a Wolf-Return-Backwards is born
Wolf-Return-Backwards and Indian makes Hold-Yourself-in-Mid-Air

8. Spaniard and Indian produce a Mestizo

9. From Spaniard and Mestiza, Castiza

10. Spaniard and Castiza, produce Spaniard

11. Mestizo and Indian makes Coyote

12. Black and Spaniard makes Mulatto

13. Colonialism (cont.) Peonage- use of laborers bound by debt
Lower classes worked on landowner’s land and were paid in vouchers to be used at landowner’s stores. They quickly fell into debt.
it essentially continues after independence by rich landowners

14. Colonialism (cont.)
Answer questions under your triangle in complete sentences:
What about this social structure is unfair and may have caused people to be upset or want change?
How did the Europeans (Penninsulares and Creoles) keep control over native population?
Economic debt, take land, racism

15. Ideas of Independence
Creoles: educated, well traveled, adopt ideas of Enlightenment and revolution (French Revolution (1799), American Revolution 1776)
Spanish Creoles reject French King
Napoleon wins Spain, and makes his brother king of Spain (Ferdinand VII)
Creoles have no allegiance to a French King of Spain

16. Simon Bolivar Wealthy Venezuelan Creole
Venezuela declares independence 1811
Defeat Spanish at Bogota (Columbia) in 1821
President of Columbia
Independence in Bolivia, Ecuador, Panama
Democratic Ideology for Hispanic America
Jamaican Letter

17. Jose San Martin From Argentina Argentina independent 1816
still under threat by Spanish in Chile and Peru
Marches over Andes Mts. To Chile and wins independence
Leaves his army for Bolivar in Peru to defeat Spanish

18. DAY 2

19. Do Now ~ Page 109
Pretend you are a Creole in the 1800s. You are educated and have traveled to Europe. Write a journal entry about what it is like in Latin America as a Spanish Colony. Also write about what you want to change and why
(Use your notes and memory from yesterday)

20. Objectives
I can describe Latin America’s trade and economics after Independence.
I can explain the United State’s involvement in Latin America with the Spanish-American War.

21. After Independence pg 110 Colonial Legacy Political instability
Caudillos: dictators. By 1830, almost all Latin American nations were run by caudillos
“all of Venezuela is my cattle ranch” – Juan Vincent Gomez, Venezuelan caudillo
Some presidents made reforms like education
Voting right for upper and middle class only

22. Who benefits more from this system? Why and How?
Economics depend on exports
Trade increases:
Transportation (steamship, railroads)
Refrigeration (food exports possible)
Resources
Manufactured Goods
Never became industrialized so have no place on the world stage. Also not much income
Resources
Who benefits more from this system? Why and How?

23. Economics and Trade Not self sufficient
Do not develop roads, education
Borrow money from US, Britain, France, Germany
Other nations now have control in Latin America (economic colonialism)

24. US and Latin America

27. US and Latin America
Monroe Doctrine: 1823 policy- American continents can no longer be colonized by Europe. Stay out of Western hemisphere
Roosevelt Corollary (1904): President Roosevelt extends Monroe doctrine and gives US right to be World Police

28. Read and summarize each section on your notes worksheet
Roosevelt's December 1904 Annual message to Congress declared: 1) All that this country desires is to see the neighboring countries stable, orderly, and prosperous. Any country whose people conduct themselves well can count upon our hearty friendship. 2) Chronic wrongdoing, or an impotence which results in a general loosening of the ties of civilized society, may in America, as elsewhere, ultimately require intervention by some civilized nation, 3) and in the Western Hemisphere the adherence of the United States to the Monroe Doctrine may force the United States, however reluctantly, in flagrant cases of such wrongdoing or impotence, to the exercise of an international police power.

30. Spanish-American War
US intervenes struggle for independence from Spain
Business interests
Fear of Spanish in Western hemisphere
US defeats Spain in 4 months
Cuba independent and other Spanish colonies given to the US (Puerto Rico, Guam, Phillipines)

31. Panama Canal
Connects the Atlantic to the Pacific through Central America
French company tried, but failed
US helps Panama gain independence, Panama gives US land to build canal
US controls a world tollbooth

32. Panama Canal Facts:
The greatest obstacle in building the canal is MALARIA & YELLOW FEVER
first 2 years of building involve clearing brush and draining swamps where mosquitoes bred
The canal took 10 years to build
Cost nearly $400 million dollars
Completed in 1914 just as WWI was beginning
The canal is considered one of the greatest engineering feats of all time