1. Non-seed vascular Plants
Divisions of non-seed vascular plants
Psilophyta – whisk ferns
Lycophyta - club mosses
Arthrophyta - horse tails
Pterophyta - ferns

2. Non-seed vascular plants
The sporophyte generation is dominant
Antheridia - structure that produces sperm
Archegonia – structure that produces eggs

3. Psilophyta – Whisk Ferns
Thought to be the first of the vascular plants
Only vascular plants without leaves or roots
Found in tropical and sub-tropical climates
Very little economic importance – a few uses in Hawaii

5. Lycophyta – Club Mosses
Leafy stems resemble moss gametophyte
Reproductive structure resembles a club
All have roots, stems, and small leaflike structures
A single vein of vascular tissue in each leaf-like structure

8. Arthrophyta - Horsetails
Only about 15 species
Contain silica and were once used to scour cooking utensils
Found in marshes, shallow ponds, stream banks and other damp soils
Stems are ribbed, jointed and hollow
Spores are produced at the tip of the stems.

10. Pterophyta - Ferns More dominant than club mosses and horsetails
Can be found in many places
Some species become dormant when water is scarce, and resume growth and reproduction when water is available

11. Fern structures
Rhizome is a thick underground stem.
Leaves are called fronds
Spores are produced in sporangia (sorus, sori)
Ferns are the first vascular plants to evolve leaves with branched vascular tissue

15. Origins of non-seed vascular plants
Vascular plants could live on land and grow much larger.
First appeared during the Devonian Period.
Tree sized non-seed vascular plants dominated during the Carboniferous period – these plants (the lycophytes) became today’s coal and oil deposits.