1. 10/24/20151 “IT’S IN THEIR CULTURE”: ENGAGING CULTURAL DIFFERENCES IN THE CONTEXT OFA GLOBAL WORLD Sujata Warrier, PhD Phone: 212-417-5944 e-mail: sujata-warrier@att.net

2. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 20092 Goals Of This Session As a result of this presentation, you will be better able to:  Define the terms culture and cultural competency and enhance respect for the dynamics of difference.  Identify ways in which culture is relevant in the every encounter.  Recognize cultural misinformation and avoid assumptions about a person or the facts of a situation based on misinformation.  Assess blinding preferences that are brought to various encounters that might influence demeanor or the interpretation of facts, or developing diverse messages and shaping outcomes.  Apply framework to cases

3. ©Sujata Warrier, 2009 TASK  During the next few minutes, fill in each box presented with stereotypes that exist “out there in the world”  May be positive or negative  Each group divided into men and women  Awareness of a stereotype DOES NOT mean that you believe it

4. ©Sujata Warrier, 2009 First Nations Men  1.  2.  3.  4.  5. Women  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.

5. ©Sujata Warrier, 2009 Asian Canadians Men  1.  2.  3.  4.  5. Women  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.

6. ©Sujata Warrier, 2009 Jewish  Men  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.  Women  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.

7. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 20097 Poor Men  1.  2.  3.  4.  5. Women  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.

8. ©Sujata Warrier, 2009 Caucasian/White  Men  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.  Women  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.

9. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 20099 Immigrants Men  1.  2.  3.  4.  5. Women  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.

10. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200910 Gays/Lesbians  Gays  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.  Lesbians  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.

11. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200911 Disabled  Men  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.  Women  1.  2.  3.  4.  5.

12. ©Sujata Warrier, 2009 Research indicates that stereotyping is part of the normal psychological process of categorization that under pertinent conditions, can lead to inaccurate generalizations about individuals...

13. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200913 Categorization  The process by which we classify items, objects, or concepts, placing them together in groupings on the basis of their similarities with each other.

14. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200914 Stereotypes  A set of attributes ascribed to a group and imputed to its individual members simply because they belong to that group.

15. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200915 Stereotypes  Descriptive tell how most people in the group supposedly behave, what they allegedly prefer, and where their competence supposedly lies.  Prescriptive tell how certain groups should think, feel, and behave.

16. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200916 Stereotype matching advantage  indicates that information that fits one’s stereotypes is automatically processed; it is easy to take in, making stereotypes seem to fit automatically.

17. ©Sujata Warrier, 2009 SUMMARY  The brain, through such processes as categorization and stereotype-matching advantage, processes information through various short-cuts that tend to reinforce our expectations, especially under stressful circumstances.

18. ©Sujata Warrier, 2009 SUMMARY (cont...)  The elimination of stereotypes requires more than good will. It requires: awareness of stereotypes, motivation to avoid reliance upon them, and an intentional thought process.

19. ©Sujata Warrier, 2009 SUMMARY  We are all products of our culture and experience  As such, we hold or are aware of many assumptions about our own and other groups  Sources of stereotypes are many  Effects may be positive or negative

20. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200920 Dynamics of Difference  “…encourage us to tolerate and interpret ambivalence, ambiguity, and multiplicity as well as expose the roots of our need for imposing order and structure no matter how arbitrary and oppressive these needs may be. If we do our work well, reality will appear more unstable, complex and disorderly than it does now.” J.Flax, 1990. Thinking Fragments:Psychoanalysis, Feminism and Postmodernism in the Contemporary West. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.56-7

21. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200921 Cultural Competency Begins With:  Being aware of one’s biases, prejudices and knowledge about a victim. For example, Challenge your assumptions. Take into consider implicit bias Use appropriate language. Be aware of assumptions of family.  Recognizing professional power and avoiding the imposition of those values. For example, Use non-judgmental questions  Listen to the person. For example, Let them narrate their story. Do not assume people have resources.

22. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200922 CULTURAL COMPETENCY BEGINS WITH:  Gathering information about the person’s interpretation of their culture. For example in assessment: “what is it like for you to talk about this problem in your community?”  Validating the person’s strengths. For example in intervention: thank them for sharing and acknowledge existing support systems and efforts to keep safe.

23. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200923 CULTURAL COMPETENCY BEGINS WITH:  Insuring safety and self- determination. For example, Take into account culturally specific needs.  Developing linkages with the community. For example, Give culturally appropriate referrals. Work with community based agencies.  Negotiating the acceptance of a different set of values. For example, Remember, it takes time for people to accept new systems and ideas. Patience is the key.

24. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200924 “World Travelling 1 ” method of Cultural Competency  Culturally challenging practices require a vision of independence and connectedness: understanding oneself in one’s own historical context with an emphasis on the overlaps, influences, and conditions one observes in the other. Understand one’s historical relationship to the other - see the self as the other sees you must see the other in their own context.  Arrogant perception creates distance between oneself and “the Other”. 1 Gunning, Isabella. 1992. “Female Genital Surgeries,” Columbia Human Rights Law Review 23(2):189-248.

25. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200925 Value Diversity  Diversity is stability  Diversity is strength  Diversity is a challenge

26. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200926 Reminder  “ Our struggle is for a fundamental change in social relationships rather than for a per community quota of representations in the parliament of “race” and “ethnicities.” We are engaged in politics, linking theories with practices, examining ideologies through our lives, and our lives through revolutionary ideas. We are not shopping in the market of cultural differences”. Bannerji, Himani. 1993. “Returning the Gaze:An Introduction,” in Returning the Gaze. Toronto: Sister Vision, p.xxix

27. 10/24/2015©Sujata Warrier, 200927 In conclusion……  “It seems utopian, but the world must recover its capacity for dreaming and in order to start, a new paradigm is required …..” Cecilia Lopez