1. What makes Earth unique

4. Where is the water on our planet ?

5. Water Storage Reservoirs

6. Water (Hydrologic) Cycle

8. Pathways and Processes Evaporation Transpiration Condensation Precipitation Surface Runoff Infiltration Evapotranspiration

9. Why is the water cycle important ? Essential for Life Transportation Drinking Water Irrigation Industrial Processing

10. Surface Water Running Water Base Level and Graded Streams Stream Erosion Transport and Deposition of Sediments Drainage Networks Stages of Valley Development

13. 1. Laminar Flow - particles flow in a straight- line path, parallel to the stream channel 2. Turbulent Flow - water moves in an erratic fashions characterized by swirling, whirlpool- like eddies Controlled by: velocity of flow and roughness of the channel bottom Running Water (streamflow)

14. Running Water (streamflow) Discharge - the amount (volume) of water passing a certain point in a given amount of time. m 3 /sec, MGD, cfs, gal/min.

15. Gradient - the vertical drop of a stream over a fixed distance Base Level and Graded Streams Base level - The downward limit of stream erosion

16. Base Level and Graded Streams

17. HeadwatersMouth Base Level and Graded Streams

18. Any change in base level will cause a corresponding readjustment in stream activity. Graded Stream - a stream with the correct slope and other characteristics necessary to maintain just the velocity required to transport the material supplied to it

23. Stream Erosion 1. Lifting poorly consolidated particles 2. Abrasion 3. Solution - less significant

24. Stream Erosion by Abrasion Potholes

25. Transportation - stream transport provides a mechanism by which solid particles of various sizes are separated (SORTED). Deposition - well-sorted material deposited by streams is called (ALLUVIUM). Transport and Deposition of Sediments

26. Channel Deposits Transport and Deposition of Sediments Bars - temporary channel deposits of sand, gravel, and coarser components of the stream’s load. Point Bars - bars which occur on the inside of a bend.

27. Stream Erosion

28. Transport and Deposition of Sediments Meander – a looplike bend in the coarse of a stream

30. Development of Ox Bow Lakes

31. Ox Bow Lakes

33. Braided Streams

34. Braided Streams

35. Floodplain - the part of the valley that is inundated during a flood

36. Floodplain

38. Deltas and Alluvial Fans

40. Alluvial Fans – develop where a high- gradient stream leaves a narrow mountainous valley.

44. Drainage Patterns

47. Stages of Valley Development - Youth

50. Stages of Valley Development - Maturity

53. Stages of Valley Development – Old Age

54. Mississippi River