1. MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Ana Costas Barreiro

2. INDEX: Introduction History Epidemiology Etiology
Development of the disease
What is it?
Symptoms
Types of multiple sclerosis
Progression types of MS
Prevention
Diagnostic
Treatment
Bibliography

3. INTRODUCTION: HISTORY
It has been studied since the nineteenth century
Jean-Martin Charcot first described MS
The cause remains unknown

4. INTRODUCTION: Epidemiology
Average age of onset 30 years
It affects 2.5 million people
Affected differently by race
Different affected by gender. It affects more women than men

5. INTRODUCTION: Epidemiology

6. Etiology: POSSIBLE CAUSES
Environmental factor
Genetic factor
Emigration
Immune factor

7. DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISEASE
It is thought that a virus or an unknown antigen are responsible for triggering, somehow, an immunological abnormality.
Then the body produces antibodies against its own myelin.
This causes, over time, the appearance of lesions of demyelination and subsequently scars (plaques) in different parts of the central nervous system.
Demyelination can affect various areas of the central nervous system and various localization of lesions is the cause of the variability and multiplicity of symptoms.

8. DEVELOPMENT OF THE DISEASE
This active immune mechanism white blood cells (lymphocytes) in the blood stream, which enter the brain and weaken the defense mechanisms of this.
Once in the brain these cells activate other elements of the immune system, so that attack and destroy myelin.
A common virus can activate the body's immune system, causing it to attack and destroy myelin in the central nervous system in a genetically susceptible person.
There is also evidence that MS is more common among people who have a genetic susceptibility.

9. WHAT IS IT?
Is a disease of white matter or myelin in the brain and spinal cord, causing the appearance of sclerotic plaques that prevent normal operation of these nerve fibers.
Myelin is a fatty substance that surrounds and insulates nerves, acting as the coverage of an electric wire and allowing the nerve to transmit its impulses rapidly.
The speed and efficiency with which these impulses are conducted allow for smooth, rapid and coordinated movements with little conscious effort.

10. SYMPTOMS It depends on the area affected: Visual symptoms
Sensory symptoms
Motor symptoms
Coordination
Fatigue
Problems with the mood
Memory problems

11. TYPES OF MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS
Benign MS
Relapsing-remitting MS
Secondary progressive MS
Primary progressive MS

12. PROGRESSION TYPES OF MS

13. PREVENTION
The cause of the disease is unknown by now, so it is not possible prevention.
It is recommended that regular visits to a neurologist to keep track of the disease.

14. DIAGNOSTIC Is essentially clinical
The neurologist is based on clinical history and physical examination of the patient
To perform various diagnostic procedures, which include the following scans are needed
Clinic history.
Neurological examination.
Tests of auditory and visual evoked potentials
Imaging by nuclear magnetic resonance
Lumbar puncture.

15. DIAGNOSTIC

16. TREATMENT Beta interferon Reduce the frequency of recurrences
Copolymer 1 and oral myelin
Avoid attacking the myelin
Prednisone
Controls acute symptoms

17. TREATMENT The MS has three aspects: Modify disease progression
Relieve symptoms
Overcoming sequels
Individual resources

18. BIBLIOGRAPHY