1. Center for Probing the Nanoscale - NSF NSEC Grant 0830228 PI: Kathryn Moler, Co-PI: David Goldhaber-Gordon Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 About the Center for Probing the Nanoscale apply these novel probes to answer fundamental questions in science and technology transfer our technology to industry in order to make these novel probes widely available inspire students, teachers and the public about nanotechnology Stanford University and IBM Corporation, with funding from National Science Foundation, founded the Center for Probing the Nanoscale to achieve five principal goals, to: develop novel probes that dramatically improve our capability to observe, manipulate, and control nanoscale objects and phenomena educate the next generation of scientists and engineers regarding the theory and practice of these probes Selected 2009 Publications A. Kinkhabwala, Z. Yu, S. Fan, Y. Avlasevich, K. Muellen, and W.E. Moerner, “Large Single-Molecule Fluorescence Enhancements Produced by a Bowtie Nanoantenna,” Nature Photonics, vol. 3, Nov. 2009 W. Kundhikanjana, K. Lai, H. Wang, H. Dai, M.A. Kelly, and Z. Shen, “Hierarchy of Electronic Properties of Chemically Derived and Pristine Graphene Probed by Microwave Imaging,” Nano Letters, vol. 9, Aug. 2009 H. Mamin, T. Oosterkamp, M. Poggio, C. Degen, C. Rettner, and D. Rugar, “Isotope-Selective Detection and Imaging of Organic Nanolayers,” Nano Letters, vol. 9, Aug. 2009 M. Topinka, M. Rowell, D. Goldhaber-Gordon, M. McGehee, D. Hecht, and G. Gruner, “Charge Transport in Interpenetrating Networks of Semiconducting and Metallic Carbon Nanotubes,” Nano Letters, vol. 9, May. 2009 J. Xia, W. Siemons, G. Koster, M. Beasley, and A. Kapitulnik, “Critical thickness for itinerant ferromagnetism in ultrathin films of SrRuO3,” Physical Review B, vol. 79, Apr. 2009 H. Bluhm, N.C. Koshnick, J.A. Bert, M.E. Huber, and K.A. Moler, “Persistent Currents in Normal Metal Rings,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 102, Apr. 2009 C.R. Moon, L.S. Mattos, B.K. Foster, G. Zeltzer, and H.C. Manoharan, “Quantum holographic encoding in a two-dimensional electron gas,” Nature Nanotechnology, vol. 4, Mar. 2009 K. Lai, H. Peng, W. Kundhikanjana, D.T. Schoen, C. Xie, S. Meister, Y. Cui, M.A. Kelly, and Z. Shen, “Nanoscale Electronic Inhomogeneity in In2Se3 Nanoribbons Revealed by Microwave Impedance Microscopy,” Nano Letters, vol. 9, Mar. 2009 M. Poggio, H. Mamin, C. Degen, M. Sherwood, and D. Rugar, “Nuclear Double Resonance between Statistical Spin Polarizations,” Physical Review Letters, vol. 102, Feb. 2009 C. Degen, M. Poggio, H. Mamin, C. Rettner, and D. Rugar, “Nanoscale magnetic resonance imaging,” Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol. 106, Feb. 2009 50 Teacher ProgramsIndustrial Outreach Summer Institute for Middle School Teachers Inspire middle school students in science by educating and training their teachers Development of low-cost classroom activities with Bay Area distribution through Resource Area for Teachers (RAFT) Annual Nanoprobes Workshop Bring together academic and industrial scientists to exchange knowledge and ideas Broaden the horizons of participants Initiate research projects with industry Provide venue for interaction between industry and graduating students ~200 participants 13 companies Industrial Affiliates Program Sponsored research programs Participation in Center activities Online Teacher Resources Activities linked to Science Standards Classroom Materials Teacher Preparation Materials Lending Library Industry Field-trips for students Career Workshops and Seminars Partnerships with Formal and Informal Science Education Centers http://nanoteachers.stanford.edu Measure electronic properties of materials at 10 nm resolution Nanoprobe tools under development Near-field Scanning Microwave Microscopy (NSMM): electric or magnetic coupling of a microwave signal from a tip to a sample Scanning Gate Microscopy (SGM): Electrostatic coupling of a quasi-DC tip voltage to sample 5  m Development of a new batch-processed coaxial tip with piezoresistor sensing develop and demonstrate techniques with the magnetic sensitivity and spatial resolution to characterize individual nanomagnets Tools under development: Scanning SQUID Microscope, Scanning Hall Bar Microscope, Magnetic Force Microscope, Near- field Sagnac Microscope Fuse the high spatial resolution of STM with spectroscopy and high-frequency excitations yielded by optical channels Perform spatially localized combined electronic and optical imaging and spectroscopy Target spatial resolutions of 0.1–10 nm and frequency ranges of 10 12 -10 15 Hz Plasmonic STM geometry Novel multi-layer SQUID sensor demonstrated ~60  B spin sensitivity Improved Sagnac microscope to measure hysteresis loops Advancing development of Magnetic Force Resonance Microscopy (MFRM) toward a molecular structure microscope Non-destructive and elementally selective 3D imaging technique Goal: extending spatial resolution to below 1 nm Demonstrated 4 nm 3D spatial resolution using Tobacco Mosaic Virus microwire laser cantilever FeCo tip sample Measure the forces, mechanical properties, and dynamics of biological membranes with critical resolutions of nanometers, microseconds, and pN by developing and employing novel probes. Nanoscale Electrical Imaging Goldhaber-Gordon, Shen, Kelly, Pruitt Bio-Probes Melosh, Cui, Solgaard Plasmonic STM Brongersma, Jones, Manoharan Individual Nanomagnet Characterization Moler, Kirtley, Kapitulnik, Moerner Nanoscale Magnetic Resonance Imaging Rugar, Pruitt CPN in the News Educational and Industrial Outreach Associate Director: Tobias Beetz tobi@stanford.edu Program Manager: Laraine Lietz-Lucas lietz@stanford.edu Director: Kathryn Moler kmoler@stanford.edu Deputy Director: David Goldhaber-Gordon goldhaber-gordon@stanford.edu Center Management http://cpn.stanford.edu Functionalized probe tips to measure membrane penetration dynamics Novel ultra-fast cantilevers for dynamic force measurement Recently completed experimental setup of the Plasmonic STM system.