1. FUNGI

2. FUNGI COMMON FUNGI EXAMPLES:
Mushrooms, yeasts, molds, morels, bracket fungi, puff balls

3. FUNGI GENERAL INFORMATION
Primarily decomposers – return organic matter to the soil
Used to produce antibiotics like penicillin
Used for food – mushrooms, yeast
Parasites – plants and animals (athlete’s foot, ringworm)

4. FUNGI
OVERVIEW
Nonmotile organism than obtain food by decomposing organic matter
Once considered plants, but contain no chlorophyll and are not photosynthetic
Also unlike animals, therefore placed in own kingdom

5. FUNGI DOMAIN EUKARYOTA KINGDOM FUNGI General characteristics
Eukaryotic
Heterotrophic
Have cell walls with chitin (different than plant, protist, and bacterial cell walls)
May be unicellular but most are multicellular

6. molds

7. mildews

8. rusts

9. smuts

10. yeasts

11. mushrooms

12. GIANT PUFFBALL

13. FUNGI BASIC FUNGI BODY STRUCTURE Hyphae
Individual filaments that contain cytoplasm and one or more nuclei
Secrete enzymes to digest food
Nutrients absorbed through cell wall

14. FUNGI Mycelium Entwined hyphae
Most of fungus, under substrate (surface it’s growing on)

15. FUNGI FRUITING BODY Visible part Contains spore producing structures
Like a mushroom cap

16. FUNGI FEEDING TYPES (NUTRITION) Saprophytic – feed on dead matter
Parasitic – feed on living organisms

17. FUNGI HABITATS Need organic material, moisture
Live almost everywhere, from polar icecaps to deserts to oceans
Reach new areas through spores carried by wind
Spores are necessary to find new food sources

18. FUNGI
FOUR GROUPS OF FUNGI -- 81,500 species of fungi divided by structure and reproduction
ZYGOMYCETES – bread molds
ASCOMYCETES – sac fungi (morels, truffles, and yeasts
BASIDIOMYCETES – mushrooms, puff balls
DEUTEROMYCETES – imperfect fungi (penicillium)

19. FUNGI Common molds –Zygomycetes
Frequently found in soil or on dead animals or plants
Hyphae lack septa
Specialized hyphae
Rhizoids that absorb nutrients and hold molds to their food source
Stolons that connect groups of rhizoids together
Sporangia produces spores during reproduction

20. FUNGI
ZYGOMYCOTA gets its name from the tough spores produced during sexual reproduction

23. FUNGI Sac fungi –Ascomycetes
Powdery mildews, yeasts, fungi in lichens, and morels
Characteristic that links these are production of saclike structures called asci during sexual reproduction
Asexually reproduction is rare

28. FUNGI Club Fungi –Basidiomycetes Mushrooms are club fungi
Have a tendency to reproduce sexually
Asexually reproduction is rare
Three visible structures of mushrooms
Stipe
Cap
Gills made from tightly packed mycelia
Fruiting bodies are called basidia

29. Structure of Mushroom annulus stipe
Most fungi are saprophytic or parasitic. The saprophytes are helpful because they break down organic material returning nutrients to the soil.

33. FUNGI Imperfect fungi – Deuteromycetes
Reproduce asexually and NOT sexually
Examples are athlete’s foot & ringworm
Example that is helpful is Penicillium because it make the antibiotic
Spores called conidia come from hyphae called conidiophores

34. FUNGI ECOLOGICAL ROLES
Decompose dead organisms; clear out dead plants and animals
Recycle nutrients

35. FUNGI ECOLOGICAL ROLES SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS
LICHEN --a symbiotic association between a fungus and a photosynthetic partner, usually a cyanobacterium or green alga.
The fungi hyphae provide protection and hold moisture while food is provided by the photosynthetic partner.

37. FUNGI ECOLOGICAL ROLE -- SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIP WITH PLANT ROOTS
Mycorrhizae: a symbiotic association between a fungus and plant roots.
Over 90% of plants have fungi associated with their roots. The fungus absorbs and concentrates phosphates for delivery to the plant roots. In return, the fungus receives sugars synthesized by the plant during photosynthesis.

38. FUNGI
ECONOMIC ROLE
Used directly as food, or to make food
Yeasts are useful in the making of bread and fermented drinks.

39. FUNGI
ECOLOGICAL ROLE
Some parasitic fungi are actually human pathogens causing athlete's foot and ringworm
Some parasitic fungi are plant pathogens that destroy crops
Produce medicine (antibiotics)

40. IMPERFECT FUNGI

41. IMPERFECT FUNGI