1. By: Krueger and Wideman

2.  Science Journal (also called log)-this could be pieces of paper stapled together or a notebook  Science Fair board- this can be purchased from school for $4.50  Camera-you need to take pictures of your experiment and print them out (we just used our ipad)

3.  Living organisms including plants  Human or animal food  Plant materials: including living, dead or preserved (wood needed for construction of project or board is allowed  All chemical including water  All weapons including lasers  Dry ice  Sharp items (needles, nails, syringes, pipettes, knives)  Flames or flammable items  Batteries with open top cells  School name or identification  Photographs with faces  Glass or glass objects  There is no electricity at the fair

4.  Write on your board in third person which means not using words like me, I, us, or we and instead using words like you  DON’T use faces in your pictures  Put your first and last name on the BACK of your science board  Don’t put our school name on your board  Hand write your science journal or log  Have 3 controlled or constant variables  You must perform your experiment 3 times

5.  Cite your sources that you used for research and pictures (if you got pictures from the internet)  Know the difference between a problem and a question (this will be explained more in our example)  Ex: Question- Does the size of the bowl affect how long it takes for the liquid to cool?  Ex: Problem-Which size bowl should I use to keep my liquid warm the longest?

6.  Your title  Your question  Your problem  Your research  Your hypothesis  Your independent, dependent and constant or controlled variables  Your materials listed  Your procedure  Your results (in a graph, table etc.)  Your conclusion

7.  Question or Topic: Does the size of the bowl affect how long it takes for the liquid (water) to cool?  Problem: Which size bowl should I use to keep my liquids warm the longest? This project reminded us of Goldilocks and the Three Bears. We wanted to test if Papa Bear’s bowl would be the hottest, Mama Bear’s bowl would be the coldest, and Baby Bear’s bowl would be just right. Was the story scientific?

8.  Research: In a larger container, there is a higher volume of water that will have more energy. In a small container, there is a smaller volume of water that will have less energy. The more energy, the higher the temperature. Therefore, the smaller container will have less energy and less heat which will allow it to cool faster. There are many different kinds of energy. One of them is heat energy which is the form of energy that transfers among particles in a substance. In other words, the heat transformed by particles are bouncing into each other. The more particles, the more heat.  Source: enwin.com, ducksters.com

9.  Hypothesis: If the bowl is smaller, then the temperature of the water will cool more quickly.  Materials: water, 3 Melamine bowls sizes 750ml, 2,129ml, 4,100ml, Oxo cooking thermometer (up to 22o degrees), and timer

10.  Procedure: 1. Gather 3 Melamine bowls (see sizes in material list). 2. Pour hot tap water into each bowl, fill up to spout. 3. Immediately place Oxo thermometer into each bowl and record temperature. 4. After temperature is recorded for all three bowls, begin timer for 5 minutes. 5. After 5 minutes, place thermometer into each bowl and, again, record your temperature. 6. After 5 more minutes, place thermometer into each bowl for the final time and record temperature. 7. Repeat steps 2-7 two more times.

11.  Results: The smaller size bowl consistently decreased in temperature. Trial 1 Bowl SizeStarting temp. Temperature after 5 min Temperature after 10 min Temperature after 15 min 750 ml122º117º112º108º 2,129ml122º119º115º110º 4,100ml122120º116º115º

12. Bowl SizeStarting Temperature Temperature after 5 min Temperature after 10 min Temperature after 15 min 750 ml122º115º111º106º 2, 129 ml122º118º115º108º 4,100 ml122º120º117º114º

13. Bowl SizeStarting Temperature Temperature after 5 min Temperature after 10 min Temperature after 15 min 750 ml122º117º110º107º 2, 129 ml122º120º115º110º 4,100 ml122º120º116º114º

14.  Conclusion: Our hypothesis was correct. The size of the bowl does affect how long it takes for the water to cool. The smaller bowl consistently decreased in temperature for each 5 minute interval. Due to the larger volume of water in the large bowl, along with the more energy in the large bowl, the water took longer to cool. Two things to improve for next time are to use the exact same amount of water for each bowl and use a more accurate or digital thermometer.

16.  Title  Problem  Hypothesis  Variables (independent, dependent)  Control (constant variable)  Background (research)  Materials  Procedure  Pictures  Observations and Results (charts, tables, graphs)  Conclusion  First and last name on the back  NO SCHOOL NAME

17.  We recommend using this page from the Lincoln County R III Elementary Science Fair Handbook