1. Introduction Fungi Fungus Mycology Mykes = Mushroom Medical mycology
5 kingdom
Monera
Plant
Animal
Protista
Eukaryote & Heterotrophic

2. FUNGI Number of cell Multi-cellular: MOLD کپک
Uni-cellular : YEAST مخمر

3. Mold Hyphae Mycelium Aseptate Septate Aerial Vegetative Coenocytic
Zygomycetes
Septate
Aerial
Vegetative

4. YEAST Round or oval Budding/binary fission
Pseudohyphae or pseudomycelium
Yeast like
Candida albicans

5. Dimorphism Nature Mold In body Yeast Sporothrix schenkii
25° Sabouraud’s glucose agar (S)
In body Yeast
37° BHI, Blood Agar
Sporothrix schenkii
Histoplasma capsulatum
Blastomyces dermatitidis
Coccidioides immitis Spherule
Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Penicillium marneffei

6. Dimorphism Parasitic Saprophytic Life of fungi Yeast Mold Mutulistic
Candida albicans
Parasitic
Yeast
Saprophytic
Mold
Life of fungi
Mutulistic
Loboa loboi
Rhinosporidium sebeeri

7. Reproduction Sexual Perfect Teleomorph Asexual Imperfect Anamorph
Spore
Conidia Macro & Micro

8. Asexual Sporangiospore Macroconidia Microconidia Arthroconidia
Chlamydioconidia
Budding
Binary fission

9. Sporangiospore

10. Macroconidia

11. Microconidia

12. Arthroconidia

13. Chlamydioconidia

14. Budding

15. Binary fission

16. Sexual Ascospore Ascomycetes Basidiospore Basidiomycetes
Zygospore Zygomycetes
Deutromycetes

17. Environmental Conditions
Temperature PH
Moisture
Light
Aeration

18. Temperature Thermophile Mesophile Psychrophile Max:20
Min: Opt: Max:50-60
Aspergillus fumigatus
Mesophile
Opt:27-28
Psychrophile Max:20

19. PH, Moisture, Light PH
Moi %
Light somatic & Reproductive

20. Aeration Obligate aerobe Facultative fermentative
Obligate fermentative
Obligate anaerobe
Hydrogenosom

21. Cell envelope
Characteristic
Enzymes EM
Dynamic

22. Cell envelope
Cell membrane
Cell wall
Capsule

23. Cell envelope Cell membrane Sterol Cholesterol Phytostrole Ergostrole
Polyen

24. The plasma membrane Like other eukaryotes Role of C.M
2 layer phospholipid + proteins + sterol
Antifungal drugs
Role of C.M
Absorb & release
Enzymes
Chitin synthetase & glucan synthetase
Protein
Signal transduction

25. The Wall Component
Polysaccharide
Protein
Lipid
No constant

26. Cell wall Shape Interface Osmotic pressure Molecular transfer Pigment
Physiologic roles
Enzymes
Invertase: sucrose → glucose + fructose Ag

27. Cell wall Ascomycetes & Basidiomycetes Zygomycetes Chitin Glucans
Mannoprotein
Zygomycetes
Chitosan
Polyglucoronic acid

28. Cell wall Chitin N- acetylglucoseamin ( β 1→4 ) Elastic
Fungi & Insects
N- acetylglucoseamin ( β 1→4 )
Elastic
Hydrogen bands
Inter & Intra

29. Cell wall Chitosan Cellulose Glucoseamin ( β 1→ 4 ) Oomycetes

30. Cell wall Glucans Polysaccharide of D-glucose monomers β 1→ 3
2nd ( EXP Zygomycetes )
Structural & Reservoir

31. Cell wall Mannoproteins Yeast Produce in ER & Golgi apparatus
S. cerevisiae ( 20 % )
Produce in ER & Golgi apparatus

32. Cell wall Melanin Phenol Resistance to any enzyme Protection
Catechol →C6H4(OH)2
Tyrosine
Dihydroxynaphthalene
Resistance to any enzyme
Protection
Enzyme
light

33. The extrahyphal matrix
Capsule
C.neoformans Ag
Phagocytosis

34. Structure & Ultra structureEM
Cytochemical stains
Hyphae
Yeast

35. Hyphae Tube Solid wall Protoplasm No fixed length
Diameter 1-30 μm ( 5-10 μm )
Tip

36. Hyphae Nucleus Mitochondria Vacuoles Lipid bodies
Endoplasmic reticulum
Golgi apparatus
Atypical

37. Hyphae Nucleus Aseptate Septate Small Coenocytic
Tip → Growth → Multinucleus
Small
Light microscope
Fluorescence staining

38. Yeast Budding 1 nucleus Great vacuole
Bud → nucleus division → cytoplasm division → chitin sedimentation → 2 cell
Scar
Multiple budding
Bipolar budding

39. Secretory system ER, Golgi apparatus & vesicles
Ribosome → protein synthesis → ER → golgi apparatus → processing* → vesicles → secretion
* tertiary structure
Glycosilation
Rearrangement

41. Vacuoles Round structure Storage Recycling PH regulation Phosphate
Calcium
Recycling
Cleavage of protein → amino acids
PH regulation

43. Cytoskeleton Microtubule Microfilament Myosin like protein
Fungal tubulin different from animal & planet ( griseofulvin )

45. Medical Mycology Opportunistic pathogen True pathogen Allergic fungi
Toxic fungi
Mycotoxicosis
Afla toxin
A.flavus, A.parasiticus & P.puberulum
Mycetismus

46. Medical Mycology Superficial mycosis Cutaneous mycosis
Subcutaneous mycosis
Systemic mycosis
Opportunistic mycosis
Mold
Yeast