2. Objective Understand the process of translation Explain how proteins are assembled Analyze the end result (proteins’ function and structure)

3. What we know so far! DNA is our genetic code RNA is transcribed from DNA Central Dogma DNA determines the traits of organisms A specific sequence of nitrogenous bases (3) are a codon. Codons result in a specific amino acid being placed in a protein. The structure (and shape) of a protein determines its function

4. Translation Takes place on the ribosome tRNA brings the amino acid to the ribosome Each tRNA molecule only attaches to only one type of amino acid.

5. Translation Process begins on ribosome tRNA brings specific amino acid Start codon (AUG) signals the start The process repeats for the next amino acid Peptide bonds form between each amino acid tRna brings AA to ribosome Start codon (AUG) signals start Previous step is repeated again.. Peptide bonds form between AA

6. Translation Ribosome slides along mRNA to the next codon tRNA no longer with an amino acid is released New tRNA brings more amino acids to attach to ribsome Results in long chain of amino acids until stop codon Freed from ribosome to become proteins after twisting into 3D structure tRna brings AA to ribosom e Start codon (AUG) signals start Previous step is repeated again.. Peptide bonds form between AA Ribsome slides along mRNA to next codon New tRNA brings more AA to attach to ribosome Results in long chain of AA AA chain is freed from ribosome Twists into 3D structure

7. tRna brings AA to ribosome Start codon (AUG) signals start Previous step is repeated again.. Peptide bonds form between AA Ribsome slides along mRNA to next codon New tRNA brings more AA to attach to ribosome Results in long chain of AA AA chain is freed from ribosome Twists into 3D structure The Translatio n Process

9. Why does this matter? This process helps produce functioning organisms engineered to carry out specific roles in the diverse world. If organisms had no genetic material, there would be no proteins. DNA is the building block; proteins are the results; organisms are the conclusion Some proteins are enzymes. ▫Needed to aid in certain processes

10. Knowledge Check Where does translation take place? What is a codon? What is an anticodon? What determines protein function? When does a amino acid sequence become a protein? Describe the translation process. Why does this matter?