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Chapter Overview Discusses the Classical Greek and Roman approaches to structuring persuasive speeches Explains how to combine classical and contemporary approaches in developing introductions and conclusions for persuasive speeches Describes the various organizational patterns for persuasive speeches Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech CHAPTER FOURTEEN – CRAFTING A PERSUASIVE SPEECH
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The Speech Exordium The exordium/introduction, captures the audience’s attention Connects the topic to audience interest Cicero also wrote about the insinuation where the topic is in dispute and a hostile audience may be present Exordiums must be serious in nature Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech THE STRUCTURE OF CLASSICAL SPEECHES
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The speech narrative: The Romans felt that there were three parts of a persuasive speech body Statement of fact: lets the speaker acquaint the audience with the topic Argument: the core of the speech. The argument may contain more than one claim Refutation: Attends to opposing arguments that may appear Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech CLASSICAL SPEECHES CONT.
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The speech peroration/conclusion The speaker’s last chance to persuade Recency means the last message heard is the strongest Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech CLASSICAL SPEECHES CONT.
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Accomplishes four things The audience gets a positive view of the speaker, or a negative view of the opponent Support the argument and/or weaken any opposing positions Use emotions to sway the audience Restate the arguments and supporting facts Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech ARISTOTLE AND CONCLUSIONS
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Three functions Summarize the body’s ideas Cast opposition in a negative light Rouse emotions in the audience Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech CICERO AND CONCLUSIONS
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Strategies for Persuasive Introductions Cicero and Quintilian both said the introduction is produced last The introduction should be serious Students need to know the instructor’s expectations Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech CONTEMPORARY INTRODUCTION
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Have a signpost when leaving the body Summarize main points No new evidence is presented A clincher is necessary Persuasive appeals are not for the clincher Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech CONTEMPORARY CONCLUSIONS
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Problem-solution has two main points Problem-cause-solution has three main points Comparative Advantage used each main point to argue why the speaker’s ideas are better Monroe’s Motivated Sequence has five parts Draw audience attention to the issue Show a need exists for action Demonstrate a satisfactory way to fill the need Visualize what things will be like if the plan in enacted A call to action Chapter Fourteen - Crafting a Persuasive Speech ORGANIZATIONAL DESIGNS FOR PERSUASIVE SPEECHES
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