1. Two Nations Live on the Edge
Chapter 18 Section 4
Two Nations Live on the Edge

2. Race for the H-Bomb
Atomic Bomb Splits Atoms

3. Race for the H-Bomb
Many questioned the morality of creating such a weapon
Oppenheimer opposed this project

4. Race for the H-Bomb
Politicians and the military pressed for a more powerful weapon

5. Race for the H-Bomb 11/1/52- US explodes the 1st H-Bomb
10 times more powerful than they thought it would be

6. Brinkmanship
Dwight Eisenhower now President

7. Brinkmanship
Dulles proposed a new policy – the US would keep peace by promising to use all its force – including nuclear weapons- against an aggressor nation

8. Brinkmanship
This policy placed more importance on nuclear weapons – and the planes that delivered them

9. Brinkmanship Arms race begins
Soviets respond by building more of their own nuclear weapons

10. Cold War Spreads Around the World
National defense now dependent on nuclear arms

11. Cold War Spreads Around the World
CIA used spies to gather information
Carried out covert actions
Secret operations
In attempts to overthrow governmets unfriendly to the US

12. Covert Actions
Eisenhower equated Soviet leadership to totalitarian dictatorship of WWII

13. Covert Actions – Middle East
1951 Iran- Prime Minister placed oil industry under govmt control

14. Covert Actions – Middle East
1953-CIA urged Shah(King) of Iran to replace Iranian PM with someone pro-western

15. Covert Actions – Guatemala
1954- Eisenhower believed Guatemala had communist sympathies

16. Covert Actions – Guatemala
In response CIA trained army
Invaded Guatemala

17. A Summit in Geneva
US/Soviet relations seemed to improve after the death of Stalin in 1953

18. A Summit in Geneva However…
Soviets grew fearful when W. Germany re-armed and joined NATO
Formed its own military alliance-Warsaw Pact-w/ Eastern European satellite nations

19. A Summit in Geneva
July 1955-Eisenhower traveled to Geneva, Switzerland

20. A Summit in Geneva Eisenhower proposed an “open skies” policy
US& Soviet Union would allow flight over each other’s territory

21. A Summit in Geneva
Summit accomplished nothing specific

22. Crisis in the Middle East
Cold War affected the Middle east as well as Europe

23. Crisis in the Middle East
Gamal Nasser, head of Egypt, began to strengthen his ties with communist nations

24. Crisis in the Middle East
British & French angry

25. Crisis in the Middle East
Soviets threaten to launch missiles against Britain and France

26. Soviet Aggression in Hungary
Nikita Khrushchev new leader of Soviet Union

27. Soviet Aggression in Hungary
People wondered if Khrushchev was going to be less repressive

28. Soviet Aggression in Hungary
Hungary was an example
Leaders were debating about how much freedom to grant Hungary

29. Soviet Aggression in Hungary
Hungary wanted out of the Warsaw Pact
Soviets respond brutally

30. Soviet Aggression in Hungary
Eisenhower offered no military aid
Protested the invasion

31. Eisenhower Doctrine
Soviet prestige grew in middle east due to support of Egypt

32. Cold War Takes to the Skies
1957-US thought they were ahead of the Soviets in military technology

33. Sputnik Launches the Space Race
10/4/57- Soviets use an ICMB to launch the 1st unmanned satellite out of Earth’s atmosphere
Sputnik traveled 18,000 miles/hr

34. Sputnik Launches the Space Race
Americans felt vulnerable to nuclear attack

35. Sputnik Launches the Space Race
American scientists frantically tried to catch up

36. U2 is Shot Down
CIA was making high altitude flights over SU

37. U2 is Shot Down Eisenhower wanted flights discontinued
Was afraid that if one was shot down if would hurt US/Soviet relations

38. U2 is Shot Down
May 1, US spy plane piloted by Francis Gary Powers shot down over Soviet territory

39. U2 is Shot Down Shot down 1,300 miles deep in Soviet Territory
Powers was captured alive

40. Khrushchev Denounces Eisenhower
Denounced Eisenhower at what was supposed to be a second peace summit at Geneva-then left