1. SERVES TO ENTERTAIN OR INFORM READERS BY TELLING THEM A STORY… Narrative

2. An orientation is the who, when, where. This part of the narrative may focus the reader on the: situation setting action characters.

3. The complication is an event that causes a complication or problem; there may be more than one in a story.

4. The evaluation refers to the reaction by characters to the complication. This may be a moment of realisation.

5. A resolution is what happens to end the story. This is when it is explained how or why the problem is solved.

6. A narrative needs a plot Plots have different forms – dramatic plot – episodic plot – cumulative plot – parallel plot – circular plot Plots usually have an element of tension.

7. Plot Beginning Exposition Climax Middle Rising Action Falling Action End Resolution Plot is the literary element that describes the structure of a story. It shows arrangement of events and actions within a story.

8. Narrative structure is the order in which the text presents to plot or the shape of the a story. -Chronological or linear structure -Multi-narrative -Dual-narrative -Flashbacks -Fragmented narrative -Metafictive

9. Theme/Issue Theme is the important idea, the meaning, the significance behind the story. It usually contains some insight into the human condition - telling something about humans and life. The theme can be stated directly or implied by the events and actions in the story.

10. Methods of Characterisation “Jack had been in basic training in Florida and Dottie was there on vacation with her parents. They’d met on the beach and struck up a conversation. Dottie was the talker, the outgoing one – the extrovert. Jack was too shy around girls to say much at all.” “Furlough – 1944” by Harry Mazer Direct Characterisation The author develops the personality of a character by direct statements.

11. Indirect Characterisation Revealing a character’s personality through: - the character’s thoughts, words, and actions -the comments of other characters -the character’s physical appearance

12. the geographical location (for example, London, Cairo, Australia, Vancouver) the time period (for example, 1865, during WWII, today) the socio-economic characteristics of the location (for example, wealthy suburbs, depression dustbowl, inner- city) the specific building, room, and so forth (for example, a primary school, a cabin, a bus, a military base) The setting is the place where the story takes place. Setting includes the following: Setting

13. Point of View The perspective from which the story is told. Who is telling the story? (for instance, is it a player on the home team, someone watching the game?) How do we know what is happening? (for instance, does a character tell us?)

14. Dialogue Written structure in which two or more persons are represented as conversing or reasoning on some topic.

15. Language Language may be analysed to determine meaning in a narrative. Language techniques and features include: emotiveslang rhetorical question jargon repetitionsarcasm hyperboleirony imperativelisting alliterationeuphemism assonanceonomatopoeia metaphorpersonification colloquialcliche

16. Protagonist Often called the 'hero' of the story, the protagonist is the main character- the one that the reader will be following during the narrative. At it's core, the protagonist is the one with the obstacle to overcome.

17. Narrative devices imagery metaphor figurative language allusion hyperbole understatement symbolism