1. Assessing Learner Needs & Designing Individually Tailored Teaching Programs A Faculty Development Program for Teachers of International Medical Graduates

2. 2 Workshop Objectives At the end of this workshop, participants will: ● Describe challenges faced by IMGs and the impact on their learning ● List different approaches and tools useful in helping determine learner needs ● Outline an approach to designing teaching programs for the IMG learner ●

3. 3 Why Is It Important to Assess the IMG’s Learning Needs? ● Teachers’ usual assumptions about Canadian grads may not hold true. ● Time efficiency!

4. 4 Important Areas for Consideration ● Personal loss ● Previous medical training, experience ● Cultural differences ● Knowledge base, clinical skills ● ●

5. 5 From an IMG’s Story… “I felt small and insignificant. I felt like a number. I felt angry. I found the role of unemployed immigrant much more difficult than I could have imagined. I was lonely, frustrated and angry. I felt locked out of society. I felt that I was contributing nothing.” “The IMG Experience” (Appendix H)

6. 6 Areas of Potential Strength ● Depth of clinical experience ● Familiarity with less commonly seen conditions ● Clinically skilled – less reliance on diagnostics ● Professionally mature ● Culturally appropriate care for communities ●

7. 7 Areas of Potential Need ● Patient-centred care and partnership ● Ethical decision-making ● Evidence-based medicine ● History-taking in some areas (sexual, psychosocial areas) ●

8. 8 Teaching Tips ● Take time to understand the IMG’s personal story ● Work to gain an understanding of cultural differences for the IMG ● Clarify previous clinical experiences ● Assess incoming knowledge and skills systematically

9. 9 Strategies for Assessing Learning Needs ● Teachers need to create a safe learning environment…how? ● Teachers should role model self-assessment and self-reflection ● Use tools such as portfolios which the IMG can develop and maintain

10. 10 Strategies for Assessing Learning Needs ● Assessing learner needs must be an ongoing process ● Multiple assessments done across a variety of dimensions provide the best information ● Assessing learner needs can save time in the long run

11. 11 Teaching Tips ● Make the purpose of the assessment clear ● Ask for self-assessment - teach and model how to do it ● Use an iterative process ● Establish follow-up plans ● Respect and allow for cultural differences ● Be aware of common issues for IMGs

12. 12 Let’s talk… With a 38 year-old woman from China, previously a pediatrician, in Canada for 5 years… (Video Scenario 5)

13. 13 Establishing Mutual Expectations “Preceptors must clarify their common expectations on a routine basis so that we don’t end up in trouble for not doing things that we didn’t know we were supposed to do.” Armson, 2003

14. 14 What Are YOUR Clinical Expectations of Your Learners? ● In consultations – written, phone ● In presenting patients ● In documentation – patient chart, forms, prescriptions, medico-legal records ● In responsibility for patient care ● What else??

15. 15 Teaching Tips ● Establish clinical and educational expectations of the IMG ● Establish the role of the teacher ● Use checklists, written material ● Hold regular meetings to review progress ● Document with learning plans, progress notes

16. 16 Tailoring Teaching Programs ● The existing programs may have to be modified for an individual IMG ● And better to do it in advance… ● Some IMGs have major strengths and should not languish in unnecessary placements ● Identify resources in advance to prepare the learner for the placement

17. 17 Learning Plans ● Articulate specific goals and strategies ● Include both teacher and learner goals ● Connect goals to methods for achievement ● Outline the timeline ● List evaluation methods ● Describe evaluation criteria

18. 18 Teaching Tips ● Ensure that the learning program is built on clearly defined objectives ● Plan ahead to make any necessary modifications to the placement ● Be creative to supplement the clinical experience

19. 19 You Are Meeting With an IMG… To discuss and agree on a learning plan…

20. 20 In Summary… ● Understand the IMG’s incoming experiences ● Assess needs iteratively in multiple domains ● Clarify roles and expectations ● Customize learning experiences ● Portfolios, narratives, discussions ● Planned review times & “on the fly” teaching ● Discussion, written learning plan ● Self study, readings, modified rotations