1. Integumentary System

2. Combining Forms
Adip/o, lip/o, steat/o: fat Cutane/o: skin Hidr/o, sudor/o: sweat ichthy/o: dry, scaly Kerat/o: horny tissue, cornea Melan/o: black Myc/o: fungus Onych/o: nail Pil/o, trich/o: hair Scler/o: hardening Seb/o: sebum, sebaceous Squam/o: flat Xer/o: dry Cry/o: cold

3. Suffixes
-cyte: cell -derma: skin -phoresis: carrying, transmission Xen/o: foreigner, stranger

4. Overview
Dermatologist: a physician who specializes in treating integumentary disorders
Function: to protect by forming a barrier and to secrete oil, sweat and sebum
Accessory organs: hair, nails, sweat glands and sebaceous glands

5. Overview
Epidermis: the outer layer of skin that forms a protective covering for the body
Has no nerves or vessels
Dermis: the inner layer of skin, rich in blood vessels, nerve endings, glands and hair follicles
Subcutaneous “layer”: mostly adipose tissue that forms an insulation layer to prevent heat loss

6. Diseases and Conditions
Lesion: any wound, injury or pathological change in body tissue
Systemic: pertaining to a system or the whole body
Cutaneous: pertaining to the skin
Therapeutic: treatment, remediation or curing a disorder or disease
Abrasion: scraping or rubbing away of the surface of the skin
Abscess: a collection of pus at the site of an infection

7. Diseases and Disorders
Furuncle “boil”: an abscess that originates in a hair follicle
Carbuncle: a cluster of boils in subcutaneous tissue
Acne: inflammatory disease of sebaceous follicles of the skin
Alopecia: absence of or loss of hair, especially on the head

8. Diseases and Conditions
Burn: tissue injury caused by contact with thermal, chemical, electrical or radioactive ingredients
First-degree “superficial”: mild burn affecting only the epidermis
Redness, no blisters or scarring
Second-degree “partial thickness”: affects the epidermis and part of the dermis
Redness, blistering, little to no scaring
Third-degree “full thickness”: severe burn that destroys the epidermis and damages the dermis and subcutaneous layers
Skin is charred and black

9. Diseases and Conditions
Comedo “blackhead”: discolored, dried sebum plugging a duct in the skin
Cyst: a closed sac under the skin containing fluid or solid material
Pilonidal cyst: growth of hair in a cyst on the skin
Sebaceous cyst: a cyst filled with sebum
Eczema: redness of skin caused by swelling of the capillaries

10. Diseases and Conditions
Gangrene: death of tissue resulting from loss of blood supply to an area
Hemorrhage: large amounts of blood loss in a short amount of time
Contusion: a hemorrhage underneath unbroken skin
Ecchymosis: skin discoloration consisting of large hemorrhagic areas
Petechia: small hemorrhagic spots on the skin smaller than ecchymosis

11. Diseases and Conditions
Hematoma: an elevated collection of blood trapped under the skin “bruise”
Hirsutism: excessive growth of hair in unusual places, especially in women
Ichthyosis: a genetic skin disorder in which the skin is dry and scaly because of a defect in keratinization
Impetigo: a bacterial skin infection with boils that become crusted and rupture
Keloid: an overgrowth of hardened scar tissue
Psoriasis: a chronic skin disease with itchy red patches and silvery scales

12. Diseases and Conditions
Scabies: a contagious skin disease transmitted by the itch mite
Skin lesions: areas of altered tissue caused by disease, injury or wounds
Tinea: a fungal infection like athletes foot or jock itch
Ulcer: lesion of the skin or mucous membranes
Pressure ulcer: a skin ulcer caused by prolonged pressure “bedsores”

13. Diseases and Conditions
Urticaria: an allergic skin reaction “hives”
Verruca: a rounded growth caused by a virus “wart”
Vesicle: a small, blister-like elevation on the skin containing clear fluid
Vitiligo: loss of skin pigmentation “leukoderma”
Wheal: smooth, elevated skin that is white in the center surrounded by redness

14. Skin Cancers
Carcinoma: uncontrolled growth of abnormal (malignant) cells
Melanoma: a malignant tumor that originates in melanocytes
Most dangerous type of skin cancer
Basal Cell Carcinoma: skin cancer caused by over exposure to ultraviolet radiation
Most common type of skin cancer
Squamous Cell Carcinoma: skin cancer of the epidermis
Second most common type of skin cancer

15. Diagnostic Procedures
Biopsy: removal of living tissue for microscopic examination
Skin test: any test in which an allergen is applied to the skin
Cryosurgery: use of subfreezing temperatures to destroy abnormal tissue
Debridement: removal of foreign material from damaged tissue
Fulguration: tissue destruction using high- frequency electrical current

16. Diagnostic Procedures
Incision and drainage (I&D): incision of a lesion or abscess followed by draining the contents
Mohs surgery: tumor tissue is removed for biopsy
Skin graft: a transplant of healthy tissue to replace damaged tissue
Allograft: a skin graft from one person to another person
Autograft: a skin graft from one site to another site on the same person
Synthetic: a skin graft using artificial skin
Xenograft: a skin graft from a foreign donor (pig) to a human

17. Diagnostic Procedures
Skin resurfacing: repairs damaged skin, acne scars, wrinkles or tattoos with the use of topical chemicals, abrasions or lasers
Chemical peel: the use of chemicals to remove outer layers of skin to treat acne scarring Cutaneous laser: laser treatments for plastic surgery
Dermabrasion: removal of acne scars, tattoos or wrinkles using sandpaper or wire brushes

18. Pharmacology Antibiotics: kill bacteria Antifungals: kill fungus
Antipruritics: reduce severe itching
Corticosteroids: anti-inflammatory agents

19. Abbreviations BCC: basal cell carcinoma DM: diabetes mellitus
FH: family history
I&D: incision and drainage
PE: physical examination
SCC: squamous cell carcinoma
UV: ultraviolet