1. Chapter 9 Section 2 Feudalism

2. Invasions of Europe

3. Carolingian Empire began to fall apart soon after Charlemagne’s death in 814 Divided among he grandsons into three major parts Invasions = disintegration of the empire Muslims attacked the southern coasts of Europe and France Magyars (people from western Asia) settled in Hungary and invaded western Europe

4. Chris Browne The Vikings

5. Great love of adventure & spoils of war Warriors, great shipbuilders and sailors Long and narrow dragon ships carried 50 men The design of the ships allowed them to sail up European rivers and attack places far inland

6. Viking Longship

8. Able to sail up shallow rivers or on the high seas

9. Viking Raid

10. 4 Given lands in France (Normandy) and converted to Christianity which made them a part of European civilization

11. Viking Settlement in Greenland

12. Viking Farm in Iceland 33

13. Viking Burial Ground 34

14. Feudalism Developed from a need to protect themselves against the Vikings and other invaders Centralized governments were unable to defend their subjects People turned to local aristocrats and nobles who were powerful enough to protect them in return for a service

15. Vassalage Vassal – man who served a lord in a military capacity Knight – heavily armed cavalry Lords gave vassals a piece of land for their family in exchange for fighting for them

16. The Feudal Contract Lord/vassal relationship was made official in a public ceremony Vassal performed an act of homage to his lord Fief – the land given to the vassal Vassals could have their own vassals & the system became very complicated

17. The Feudal Pyramid

18. The Nobility of the Middle Ages Nobles – kings, dukes, barons, & bishops –Had large estates and considerable political, economic, and social power Great lords and ordinary knight = common group within the aristocracy –Warriors, united by knighthood

19. Tournaments Contests where knights could show their fighting skills “A knight cannot distinguish himself in war if he has not trained for it in tourneys.”

20. Knight 1180

21. Evolution of Armor 1476

23. TournamentTournament

24. JoustJoust

25. Chivalry Code of ethics that knights were supposed to uphold Knight were expected to: –Defend the Church –Defend those who are defenseless –Treat captives as honored guests –Fight only for glory and not for material rewards

26. Aristocratic Women Could legally hold property, but most remained under the control of men Because the lord was often away, managed the estate: –Officials & servants –Financial accounts –Food supply

27. Eleanor of Aquitane Married Louis VII of France at age 15 (annulled) and later Henry II of England Two of her sons were kings (Richard and John)