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Development and Milestones
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Problems to discuss What is normal child development - definitions
Influences on development Milestones Percentile charts Basic life support - extra 2
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Normal child development - definitions
Auxology – science of development and environmental influences on it Development (pre & postnatal) : Growth Specialization / Differentiation Maturation 3
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Postnatal development – stages :
Newborn Infant Toddler Pre – school School Adolescent 4
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Influences on development
1. Intrinsic factors : - genes - parents’ age - number of pregnancies 2. Environmental factors - nutritional - economic and social (deprivation !) - geographical 5
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Developmental Milestones
Important developmental skills (0 – 5 years of age) [later cognition and abstract thinking] Median and limit age of acquisition Sequence of progress Remember prematurely born ! Variation in the pattern of development 6
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Locomotor pattern variation
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Category of milestones (fields of development)
Gross motor Vision and fine motor Hearing, speech and language Social, emotional and behavioral Progress should be similar in each field ! (global delay vs specific delay) 8
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Gross motor – median age
Raises head – – 8 weeks Sits without support – 6 – 8 months Crawling – – 9 months Cruises around furniture – 10 months Walks unsteadily – months Walks steadily – months 9
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Milestones Gross motor
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Vision and fine motor – median age
Follows face by turning head weeks Reaches out for toys – months Palmar grasp – – 6 months Transfer toys from one hand to another 7 months Pincer grip – months Draw line – years 11
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Milestones Vision and fine motor
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Hearing, speech and language – median age
Vocalizes alone or when spoken to, coos and laughs – – 4 months Turn to soft sounds out of the sight – 7 months Two to three words – months Simple phrases – months Talks constantly – ,5 – 3 years 13
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Milestones Hearing, speech, language
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Social, emotional and behavioral – median age
Smiles responsively – weeks Waves bye – bye – – 12 months Drink from a cup with two hands – 12 months Symbolic play – years Interactive play – – 3 years 15
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Milestones Social, emotional, behavioural
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Limit ages - proposal 17
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Fields of development with limit ages
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Fields of development with limit ages
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Centile charts - characteristics
- method of assessment - growth, weight, head circumference - lines (centiles) 3, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, 97 - centiles 3 and 97 are limits - centile 50 (median) 20
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Centile chart for weight Boys
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Centile chart for height Boys
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Height velocity chart
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Centile chart Boys Height Final height (Tanner) in cm:
Father 185 cm Boy 181,1 cm Mother 165 cm Centile chart Height Final height (Tanner) in cm: Boys = (father + mother + 13) : 2 Girls = (father + mother – 13) : 2 Boys Age Months
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Pediatric basic life support Pediatric problems mean respiratory problems (rarely primary cardiac problems) !!! 25
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Primary respiratory problem Secondary cardiac problem 26
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Pediatric Basic Life Support
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Basic Life Support – Airways & Breathing
Trained resuscitator
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Basic Life Support - Circulation
Trained resuscitator
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