2.  At the end of this presentation students will be able to:  Define Anthropometry  Identify the uses of anthropometric tests  List six anthropometric measurements

3.  At the end of this presentation students will be able to:  Identify instruments used in anthropometry  Describe limitations of anthropometry

4.  Refers to the measurement of the body  The science of measuring the human body as to height, weight, and size of component parts, including skinfold thickness, to study and compare the relative proportions under normal and abnormal conditions  (Retrieved from http://medical- dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anthropome try)http://medical- dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anthropome try

5.  Identify a person’s health risk, and ideal state › total body fat › intra-abdominal fat  Monitor changes in body composition › with disease › growth › development › age and maturation

6.  Assess effectiveness of nutrition/exercise interventions › Applicable to the client’s physiological status  Assists the Formulation of recommendations and prescriptions for both diet and exercise

7.  Height or Length,  Weight,  Body Mass Index- (BMI)  Circumferences (waist, hip, head, arm, etc),

8.  For anthropometry videos click herehere  CDC (2011)

9.  Skinfolds (triceps, biceps, subscapular, suprailiac)  Skinfold thickness facilitates indirect measure of thickness of subcutaneous adipose tissue.

10.  Calculated as weight in kg divided by height in meters squared (kg/ m 2 ).  After calculating BMI nutritionists or nurses can use WHO guidelines to categorize weight

11. ClassificationBMI(kg/m 2 ) Principal cut-off pointsAdditional cut-off points Underweight<18.50 Severe thinness<16.00 Moderate thinness16.00 - 16.99 Mild thinness17.00 - 18.49 Normal range18.50 - 24.99 18.50 - 22.99 23.00 - 24.99 Overweight≥25.00 Pre-obese25.00 - 29.99 25.00 - 27.49 27.50 - 29.99 Obese≥30.00 Obese class I30.00 - 34.99 30.00 - 32.49 32.50 - 34.99 Obese class II35.00 - 39.99 35.00 - 37.49 37.50 - 39.99 Obese class III≥40.00 Source: Adapted from WHO, 1995, WHO, 2000 and WHO 2004.

12.  Stadiometer- height  Scale  Tape measure  Caliper  Length board – children younger than 2 years

13.  Skinfolds used to estimate kg fat or % of total body weight  single/multiple sites are used

14.  Several factors influence the accuracy of this method: - › technician skill, › weight status, › disease status, › fluid status, › faulty/unstandardised equipment or measurement protocols.

15.  Skinfold Measurements - easy, inexpensive, accuracy can be problematic  Height-Weight Tables - easy, inexpensive, does not indicate amount of fat; inaccurate in very muscular people

16.  Body Mass Index - easy, inexpensive, does not indicate amount of fat; inaccurate in very muscular people  Girth Measurements - easy, inexpensive

17.  The results of anthropometric measurements may be flawed because of:- › Reproducibility- the ability of a tool to produce the same result under similar circumstances › To overcome challenges with reproducibility- tools may be calibrated.

18.  Step 1. BMI Score 0= > 20 1= 18.5 -20.0 2=< 18.5 Step 2. Unplanned weight loss score 0=<5% 1= 5-10% 2=>10%

19.  Step 3. Acute disease score: 2 = none or negligible intake for >5 days  Step 4. Add the scores to calculate overall risk of malnutrition 0 = low risk: routine clinical care 1 = medium risk: observe 2 or more= high risk: treat

20.  If wt or ht cannot be established, use documented or recalled values.  If none of the values can be obtained: Use clinical impression (very thin, thin, obese) and mid-upper arm circumference 32 cm = obese)

21.  Wt change: clothes, jewelry loose-fitting =wt loss, or too tight=wt gain  History of decreased food intake, loss of appetite or dysphagia over 3-6 months

22.  Underlying disease or psychosocial/physical disabilities likely to cause wt change  Acute disease with negligible intake

23.  Anthropometry. (n.d.). In The Free Dictionary. Retrieved from http://medical- dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anthropometry http://medical- dictionary.thefreedictionary.com/anthropometry  National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. (2011).Centre for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/video/nhanes3_anthropometry/ weight/weight.htm http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/video/nhanes3_anthropometry/ weight/weight.htm  BMI categories. (2005). World Health Organization. Retrieved from http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html  Nelson, M., Beresford, S., Kearney, J. (2004). Nutritional Epidemiology. In M. Gibney, B. Margetts, J. Kearney, & L. Arab. Public Health Nutrition. (pp. 27-65). Oxford: Blackwell Publishing Company