1. Mutation Change in a cell’s DNA

2. Gene expression Gene expression is regulated by the cell, and an organism’s response to its environment. Mutations can affect gene expression by altering the cell’s DNA.

3. Changes in DNA Only around 10% of your DNA codes for proteins. Mutations in this part of your genome can have serious effects. Example – sickle cell anemia is a point mutation (only a single base is affected)

4. Types of mutations Type of mutationAnalogyExample of disease NormalTHE BIG FAT CAT SubsitutionTHE BIZ FAT CATAchondroplasia NonsenseTHE BIG FATMuscular distrophy DeletionTHB IGF ATCystic fibrosis InsertionTHA EBI GFAChrohn’s disease DuplicationTHE BIG BIGHuntington’s Disease

5. Causes of mutation Error during DNA synthesis. Mutagens – UV radiation

6. Effects of mutations Harmful – changes protein or gene activity Helpful – can change gene to make it more useful to organism.

7. Body cell vs sex cell mutation In which cell does the mutation get passed on to the next generation? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=EA0qxhR2oOk