1. BUD 1. Douglas Fir “Christmas tree”, erect branches

2. Douglas Fir 1 of 3 dominant trees, needles go all around the stem, cones with ‘rat tails’, pointed buds

3. Western Hemlock

4. Needles of 2 different lengths, flat spray, drooping top = Western Hemlock

5. 2. Western Red Cedar

6. Western Red Cedar, 1 of 3 co- dominants in PNW, Wetlands, scale- like leaves, Tiny cones

7. Bigleaf Maple “5 fingers” flowers

8. Branching Patterns

9. All Maples have Opposite Branching Patterns

10. Vine Maple Opposite branching 7-9 “fingers” Winged seeds

11. Black Cottonwood

12. Black Cottonwoods live to about 100 years, and may drop their heavy branches at any time, hence their nickname “Widowmakers.”

13. Pacific or Coast Rhododendron Washington State Flower

14. Rhododendron dull evergreen leaf

15. Red Alder: deciduous tree, simple leaves, wetlands

16. Red Alder – Alternate branching, simple leaves

17. Pacific Madrone Likes drier Sunny spots, Many have a fungal disease.

18. Willows Wetlands, facultative Salicylic acid Waxy or hairy leaves Good for restoration as broken stems reroot

19. Pacific Willow

20. Piper's Willow Pacific Willow Native Wetland shrubs

21. Pacific Willow with flowering catkins

22. SHRUBS

23. Salal Shrub, native, evergreen, simple leaf, alternate branching, edible berries!

24. Oregon Grape Shrub, compound evergreen leaf

25. Wild Rose/ Nooka Rose, shrub, compound leaf, alternate branching

26. Wild Rose with ‘rose hips’

27. Wild Strawberry Native, Rose family

28. Salmonberry Rubus sp. Native, rose family

29. Salmonberry, edible fruit Rubus sp. Native

30. “Evil” Himalayan Blackberry, rose family invasive non-native, compound 5-part leaflet, big thorns

31. Goats: Living Weed Eaters Instead of herbicides, some people turn to goats to clear properties of invasive weeds.

32. Japanese Knotweed, invasive non- native

33. Ocean Spray Native, alternate branching, simple leaf

34. Ocean Spray

35. Goatsbeard

36. Elderberry compound leaves, opposite branching

37. Ninebark Alternate branching, simple leaves!

38. Red flowering current

39. HERBS Oxalis

40. Skunk Cabbage Native Obligate wetland species. Height: 1-5 feet

41. Bleeding Heart

42. English Ivy - Invasive non-native, climbing trees

43. Reed canary grass is an invasive species in wetlands, three to six feet in height. It forms dense, single species stands that pose a major threat to many wetland ecosystems. The species grows so vigorously that it is able to inhibit and eliminate competing species. Reed canary grass

44. Ferns and other spore reproducing plants + lichens

45. Swordfern likes upland soils, but maybe found near wetlands on a hummock of higher ground.

46. The dots under the Swordfern leaves are spores

47. Horsetails Wetlands Whorled branching Spores for reproduction

48. Lichens- symbiosis of algae + fungi the grey flakey stuff growing on the tree branches or on rocks

49. Sometimes lichens grow on rocks!