1. The Industrial Revolution

2. I. WHEN??? 1750-1870 -1ST complex machines 1870-today
-1st factories
-1st use of steam power
-replace man-power w/ machine-power
1870-today
-new power sources (electricity, oil)
-synthetic products (plastic, nylon)
-space age, computers, robots

3. II. WHERE???
England
Textile industry
(weaving fabrics / cloth making)

4. Textiles
Raw Cotton
The Industrial revolution started in the textile industry
Textile = Cloth & Cloth making
Industry = A category of business activity (car industry, food industry)
Cloth was made from cotton……

5. Textiles Continued….
Cloth could also be made from wool.

6. Carding Cotton Carding Cotton or Wool
Separating, and cleaning the cotton/wool
It was done by hand
Later it was done by machines

7. Two steps in making cloth
1) Spinning
(textile art in which plant, animal, or synthetic fibers are twisted together to form thread/yarn)
2) Weaving
(textile art in which two sets of thread called the warp & weft are interlaced with each other to form a fabric/cloth)

8. Flying Shuttle (1733)
Simply attached a small piece of wood (shuttle) to the weft thread
Allowed a weaver to work twice as fast
With workers being able to weave faster, what needed to be done???

9. Spinning Jenny (1764) James Hargraves Named after his wife
Machine was hand operated
Could spin 8 spools of thread
Spinning wheels could only spin 1 spool
Later the spinning jenny will be able to spin 120 spools!

10. Water Frame (1769) Richard Akwright
It was a spinning frame powered by water instead of by hand.
It could only spin one thread at a time.

11. Spinning Mule (1779) Samuel Crompton
Combination of the Spinning Jenny and the Water Frame
Now thread making was powered by water and hundreds of spools of thread were able to be made at one time!
What now must be increased???

12. Power Loom (1785) Water powered weaving machine
Increased weaving production

13. What was the problem with the size of these new machines???
They couldn’t fit in the home anymore
Thus they needed to be placed in factories and often near water

14. Cotton Gin Eli Whitney- 1793 (American)
Cleaned the seeds and other debris from the cotton
The cotton industry became big in the southern U.S.
The growing of cotton, along with tobacco, led to the increased use of slaves in America

15. III. WHY ENGLAND??? 7 M’s -Materials -Manpower -Money -Managers -Minds
-Modes of Transportation
-Markets

16. IV. Positives of the I.R. More products Cheaper products
Interchangeable parts
New jobs
Labor unions formed
Better education
Banks founded
Increased life span
Improved
1) agriculture = MORE FOOD!!!
(seed drill, crop rotation, enclosure, better breeding)
2) communications (radio, telephone, tv, computer,….)
3) transportation (cars, trains, planes,….)

17. V. Negatives of the I.R. Pollution
Poor sanitation (overcrowded cities=slums)
Increased crime
Destructive wars
Poor factory conditions
Dangerous
Low pay
Long hours
Child labor

18. Why didn't the
workers revolt?????

19. Karl Marx said the workers
should revolt!!!
Said capitalism is doomed
Working class people will revolt and take control
Predicted a classless society where everyone will be equal (pure communism)
Wrote his ideas in The Communist Manifesto & Das Kapital (father of communism)

20. Who should own factories???
Capitalism
-private ownership of business
-free enterprise – competition
-“laissez faire” = govt. keep hands off
-Social Darwinism – survival of the fittest

21. Who should own factories???
Socialism (pure communism)
-major businesses are owned, managed,
and controlled by the workers

22. Who should own factories???
Communism
-government controls all industry and owns
almost all property

23. Why didn’t this happen???
Workers went on strike to get better working conditions
Labor unions formed protecting the workers
Governments passed laws to protect workers

24. VI. FACTS!!! Most people now work outside their home & in the city
People now live by the ticking of the clock (time schedule)
-life becomes much faster paced

25. Domestic vs Factory System
Sooo…England and eventually most of the world went from the Domestic to the Factory system way of life
Domestic system= system where products were made by hand in the home
Factory system= system of making products by machines in factories