2. What Child Sexual Abuse Is “Any act or acts by any person involving sexual molestation or exploitation of a child including but not limited to incest, prostitution, rape, sodomy, or any lewd and lascivious conduct involving a child.” 1 “Child sexual abuse is defined as (a) any sexual act between an adult and a minor, or between two minors, when one exerts power over the other; and (b) forcing or persuading a child to engage in any type of sexual act.” 2 1 Vermont Law (33. V.S.A. § 4912), 2 Mitchell, 2010

3. Physical & Non Physical Acts Physical Frottage Fondling genitals Oral contact with genitals Penetration with digits Intercourse Non Physical Exposure Voyeurism Pornography Inviting touch in a sexual way Encouraging a child to masturbate or watch others masturbate

4. Grooming A subtle, gradual, and escalating process of building trust with a child. Offenders often start by grooming adults to ensure their time is welcomed and encouraged. Grooming increases the offenders access to the child while decreasing suspicion.

5. Grooming Children Building Trust Befriends a child and gains their trust Testing Boundaries Tests boundaries through telling inappropriate jokes or touch Desensitizing Progresses from non-sexual touching to ‘accidental’ sexual touching Manipulation Confuses the child into feeling responsible for the abuse Confusing Child Manipulates the child to not tell anyone what is happening

6. Grooming Adolescents May display a common interest in sports, music, movies, etc Common Interest May appear to be the only one who understands him/her Identifying with Adolescent Recognize and fill the need for affection and attention Affection Will often give gifts or special privileges Gifts Allow and encourage adolescents to break rules Breaking Rules Communicate with the adolescent outside of the person’s role Communicating

7. Potential Indicators of Child Sexual Abuse Behavioral Abrupt changes in behavior Increased guardedness, mistrust, and watchfulness Acting out, anger problems, fighting, cruelty towards others, delinquency Withdrawal Unusual level of modesty or body-shame Sexual Sexual knowledge beyond age expectations Preoccupation with sexual behavior Unresponsive to adult limits on sexual behavior Sexual exploration between children with significant differences in age or size Child seems overly secretive, intense, or ashamed about the behavior

8. Responding to Disclosures Find a private place for this discussion. Let the child describe what happened in his or her own words Gather only the minimum amount of information necessary Maintain a calm demeanor Believe the child Reassure the child Respond

9. History of Child Sexual Abuse Prevention Programs developed with little basis in research Stranger danger No, Run, Tell Different types of touch Self-protection These were shown to be ineffective, because: They put the onus on children to protect themselves Strangers only account for 10% of offenders Concepts were too abstract

10. PCAV’s Approach to Prevention Emphasizes adult responsibility Takes a victim, perpetrator, and bystander approach Engages parents, schools, and communities in prevention Is trauma informed Comprehensive and building sequence

11. Sexual Abuse Free Environment for Teens™ Overview A 30 hour comprehensive child sexual abuse prevention curriculum What is it? Middle school communities Who is it for? Takes a victim, perpetrator, bystander approach How does it approach prevention?

12. Comprehensive Prevention 81% of students will experience some form of sexual harassment while at school 1 Victim 35.6% of sex offenders known to perpetrate against minors are youth (under age 18) 2 Perpetrator 85% of students report that students harass other students in their school 1 Bystander 1 AAUW Educational Foundation, 2001 2 OJJDP, Dec 2009

13. SAFE-T is Research Based Based on best practices in sexual abuse and youth violence prevention and in resiliency and asset development SAFE-T is reflective of a variety of different learning styles by using: Experiential and creative arts projects Speaking, listening, and writing assignments Lots of movement Videos, workbooks, and visitors in the classroom

14. Comprehensive Prevention: Risk and Protective Factors The SAFE-T scale SAFE-T units are constructed around risk and protective factors linked to resiliency and empowerment

15. SAFE-T: Program Components Teacher Training All Staff Training Increases visibility 3 Parent Night opportunities Parent letters and newsletters 10 Units Teen Adult Dialogue Journals and Workbooks Curriculum Parent Education Faculty and Staff Training Community Resources

16. How to Use Curriculum Guide The Introduction and Preface contain information on: Program philosophy Program model and research SAFE-T units 1-10 National and Vermont Framework of Standards Each unit begins with an introduction and unit overview for the teacher Appendices A-D contain additional information and resources for supporting students, parents, and the community

17. SAFE-T’s Units: 1-5 1. Support Systems Introduce personal/social responsibility 2. Self Awareness, Self Esteem, & Empathy Expressing thoughts and feelings Empathy Coping skills 3. Communication Skills Assertiveness Saying “no” Manipulation 4. Healthy Sexuality & Relationships Focus is on the whole person Sexual Harassment 5. Sex Roles, Stereotypes, & the Media Respect & equality Domination, exploitation, and prejudice

18. SAFE-T’s Units: 6-10 6. Power and Consent Healthy use of power vs. abuse of power Mutual consent vs. manipulation 7. Sexual Abuse Facts and realities Myths and denial Resources 8. Survival, Protection & Healing Self and peer protection Early intervention School policy and the legal system Healing 9. Risk Factors for Sexual Offending The role of blaming, excusing, minimizing, justifying and assuming 10. Teens Taking Action Personal change Social change project Celebration

19. SAFE-T Success: Evaluation Findings Reduction in risk factors for violence: substance use dating violence perpetration sexual victimization acceptance of couple violence Increase in protective factors: perceived school support knowledge of sexual risk behaviors knowledge of areas related to sexual myths and sexual harassment

20. Questions?