1. DNA

2. What does DNA stand for? Deoxyribonucleic Acid
DNA stores genetic information in the nucleus. DNA is the genetic blueprint, or recipe, for making all living things.
Almost every cell in your body contains DNA, and you have five trillion (5,000,000,000,000) cells in your body. THAT’S A LOT OF DNA!

3. What does DNA look like?
The shape of DNA is called the Double Helix. It looks like a twisted ladder or a spiral staircase.
The double helix twists DNA so that it fits into the nucleus.

4. ARE YOU PAYING ATTENTION?
Where is DNA found?
Nucleus
How is DNA shaped?
Double Helix, Spiral Staircase, Twisted Ladder

5. DNA is made up of Nucleotides.
To form a DNA molecule, thousands of nucleotides are joined in a long chain.

6. Each Nucleotide has 3 parts:
1. Phosphate group
2. Deoxyribose- sugar
3. Nitrogenous Base Adenine-A Thymine-T
Guanine-G
Cytosine-C

7. What are the 3 parts of a nucleotide?
1. Phosphate group
2. Deoxyribose- sugar
3. Nitrogenous Base
What are the 4 Nitrogenous Bases?
1. Adenine 3. Guanine
2. Thymine 4. Cytosine

8. Base Pairing Guanine base pairs with Cytosine (G-C)
Adenine base pairs with Thymine (A-T)
Guanine base pairs with Cytosine (G-C)
The sequence of these bases determines all of the traits of living things.

9. Bases are paired and held together by hydrogen bonds (H-bonds).
What is the complimentary DNA strand?
A T G C T T A G C C
_________________

10. Purines – have 2 rings
Adenine and Guanine are purines
Pyrimidines –have one ring
Cytosine and Thymine are pyrimidines

11. Adenine and Thymine= 2 Hydrogen Bonds
Guanine and Cytosine=3 Hydrogen Bonds

12. Eukaryotic Cell Structure
In eukaryotes (animal and plant cells) DNA is found in the nucleus.
The function of the nucleus is to control the cell’s activities.
Where is DNA found?

13. Prokaryotic Cell Structure
Prokaryotes do not have a nucleus so the DNA floats around in the cytoplasm.
Examples of prokaryotes are bacteria.

14. Chargaff’s Rule
Whenever you see Adenine (A), you will see ________________in DNA.
Whenever you see Guanine (G), you will see ________________ in DNA.
This is also called BASE PAIRING.

15. Chargaff’s Rule
Whenever you see Adenine (A), you will see THYMINE (T) in DNA.
Whenever you see Guanine (G), you will see CYTOSINE (C) in DNA.
This is also called BASE PAIRING.

16. Replication Animation