1. Technology for Students with Hearing Disabilities Chapter Seven

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company 7-2 Overview Types of Hearing Disabilities Meeting Students’ Learning Needs Assistive Technologies Communication Devices and Software Tools

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company 7-3 Hearing Disabilities The term hard of hearing includes those with the ability to receive some auditory stimuli The term deaf refers to those who cannot hear most sounds with or without amplification It is important to use terminology that the student finds acceptable

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company 7-4 Effect of Hearing Loss on Development Student is unlikely to use speech if hearing loss is –Pre-linguistic: before the development of language –Congenital: genetic or at birth Student is more likely to use speech and to speech-read if hearing loss is –Post-linguistic: after the development of language –Adventitious: caused by accident or illness

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company 7-5 Meeting Learning Needs Make classroom visually friendly –Don’t speak with your back to students –Make sure everyone can see everyone else’s face when students are speaking Include many visuals in lessons Encourage interaction among all students Understand that the sign-language interpreter is there for the student, not as a classroom aide

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company 7-6 Assistive Technologies Hearing aids Radio transmitters Cochlear implants Flashing lights and vibrating alarms

7. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company 7-7 Communication Devices TTY: teletypewriter TDD: telecommunication device for the deaf Both allow communication over telephone networks

8. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company 7-8 A Teletypewriter The Q90, a portable TTY produced by Ameriphone

9. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company 7-9 Other Communication Tools Email Fax machines Instant messaging –ICQ –AOL’s Instant Messenger –Handheld computers Videoconferencing via the internet

10. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company 7-10 Videoconferencing in action Videoconferencing

11. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company 7-11 Software Applications Automatic speech recognition –Allows for speech-to-text conversion and vice versa Aesop in ASL (Texas School for the Deaf) Other traditional software –Example: The Logical Journey of the Zoombinis

12. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company 7-12 Summary Classrooms should be visually friendly Assistive technologies can help students in both school and home settings Electronic communication such as email and instant messaging can support interactions between hearing and non-hearing students Traditional software applications may also be beneficial