2. genetics

3. DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid Located in the nucleus
Instructions for how to make proteins

4. Determined the shape/structure of DNA in 1953
Watson & Crick
Determined the shape/structure of DNA in 1953

6. Rosalind Franklin
X-ray Crystallography

8. Structure
Scientists James Watson and Francis Crick developed a three dimensional model of DNA
This model of DNA consisted of two strands which were wound around each other like a twisted ladder. This structure is known as a double helix

9. Every living thing has DNA.
That means that you have something in common with a zebra, a tree, a mushroom and a beetle!!!!

10. Three critical things genes need to do:
1.) genes need to carry information from one generation to the next
2.) put that information to work by determining the heritable characteristics of organisms
3.) genes need to be easily copied

11. DNA is like a fingerprint because everyone’s is a little different!
You can tell people apart by their fingerprints………
and their DNA!
How would the police look at DNA to figure out who committed a crime?

12. PUT ON YOUR SCIENCE EYES!

13. Which statement reflects the correct relationship between the nucleus, the cell, chromosomes, and DNA? A.
DNA is made of chromosomes that are contained inside the nucleus of a cell. C.
DNA makes up the membrane surrounding a cell’s nucleus. B.
A cell’s nucleus contains the chromosomes which are made of DNA. D.
Chromosomes make up DNA that is contained outside the cell’s nucleus in the cytoplasm.

15. SO WHAT IS DNA? PLEASE COPY THIS CHART INTO YOUR NOTES
NUCLEOTIDE
4 BASES
DOUBLE HELIX

16. DNA stands for: D: Deoxyribose N: Nucleic A: Acid
DNA is too small to see, but under a microscope it looks like a twisted up ladder!

17. What is DNA? DeoxyriboNucleic Acid
A molecule of nucleic acids that carries genetic information.
2 strands twisted around each other called a “double helix” (twisted ladder)
Each strand is made of linked nucleotides.

18. Made up of nucleotides –
sugar
phosphate
nitrogen base
Nucleotide
Hydrogen bonds
Sugar-phosphate backbone
Key
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)

19. What is a Nucleotide?
A subunit of DNA made of 3 parts:
5-carbon sugar (deoxyribose)
phosphate group
nitrogenous base (there are 4)

20. DRAW THIS NUCLEOTIDE

21. Structure of DNA Nucleotide Hydrogen bonds Sugar-phosphate backbone
Key
Adenine (A)
Thymine (T)
Cytosine (C)
Guanine (G)

22. The nucleotides are made up of:
deoxyribose(sugar)
phosphate group
nitrogen bases-4 types Adenine- A Guanine-G Cytosine- C Thymine-T

23. WHAT ARE THE 4 BASES? Adenine Thymine Cytosine Guanine (A) (T) (C) (G)5
WHAT ARE THE 4 BASES?
Adenine
(A)
Thymine
(T)
Cytosine
(C)
Guanine
(G)

24. adenine
deoxyribose
PO4

25. What is the structure of DNA?
The sides (backbone) are made of sugars and phosphates held together by a strong chemical bond.
The rungs (steps) are paired nitrogenous bases held together by a weak hydrogen bond.

26. How are the Bases paired?
Adenine pairs w/Thymine (A-T)
Guanine always pairs w/Cytosine (G-C)
This is called complementary pairing. They fit like puzzle pieces.
Allows the DNA to be replicated (copied). G C A T

27. 2-stranded DNA 9
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4
PO4

28. 14
THE DOUBLE HELIX
bases
sugar-phosphate
chain

29. TIME TO MAKE A DNA MODEL!!!

30. Left Hand Assignment: DNA Structure
Glue the DNA strand and use the following instructions to color the double helix. Write and answer the questions when you are finished
DNA Structure Analysis
The twisted ladder structure of DNA is called a ________________.
The backbone of DNA is made up of _______________________.
The ladder-like rungs of DNA are made up of _________________.
Adenine always pairs up with __________.
Cytosine always pairs up with _________________.
A nucleotide is the basic building block of DNA. A nucleotide is made up of one ___________, one ________, and one___________.
DNA Coloring Instructions
Color the deoxyribose sugars green.
Leave the phosphate groups white.
Color the nitrogen base adenine orange.
Color the nitrogen base thymine light blue.
Color the nitrogen base cytosine red.
Color the nitrogen base guanine yellow.