1. Electrochemical Methods of Analysis Kuleswor, Viswa Vidylaya Path
Prof. Dr. Raja Ram Pradhananga
Kuleswor, Viswa Vidylaya Path
Kathmandu, Nepal
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2. Elecrtoranlytical Technique- RajaRam
Introducction
Instrumental Techiques of Analysis
Speoctroscopy
Electrochemistry
Chromatography
Electrochemical Techniques
Conductometry
Potentiometry
Amperometry and Coulometry
Voltametry
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3. Electroanalytical Methods
Analytical techniques based on the electrochemical measurements are often refer to as electrochemical methods of analysis or simply as Electroanalytical methods. This method of analysis involves the measurement of current, voltage or resistance alone or in combination. Sometime measurements are done as a function of time. Different Electroanalytical methods are given below.
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4. Electroanalytical Methods
Interfacial Methods
Static Methods (I=0)
Dynamic Methods
(I > 0)
Bulk Method
Conductometry
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5. Electroanlytical Methods I
Static Method
( I=0)
Potentiometry
pH-metry
Ion-selective electrode
Potentiometric Titration
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6. Electroanlaytical Methods II
Dynamic Method
( I > 0 )
Controlled Potential
Voltametry
Amperometry
Constant current
Electrogravimetry
Coulometry
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7. Basic Electrical Measurements
Principle of Electrochemical Method of Analysis
Basic Electrical Measurements
Resistance, R Ohms Law V = IR
Voltage, V
Current, I
These electrical properties are measured alone or in combination for analysis.
Additional electro-analytical techniques are possible if these electrical properties are measured as a function of time.
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8. Elecrtoranlytical Technique- RajaRam
Conductance Measurement
1/R is measured : Direct Conductance Analysis
1/R versus volume of titrant: Conductometric titration
Potentiometry
E is measured zero current,(I = 0)
i. pH- metry
ii. Ion selective potentiometry
E versus volume of titrant potentiometric titration
Voltametry: i versus E
Amperometric Titration: i versus volume of titrant
Electroctrogravimetry : Mass of material deposited is determined
Coulometry: Current x time (Coulomb)
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9. Pioneers of Electrochemical Principles
Svante Arrhenius
M. Faraday
Georg Ohm
Nobel Prize in 1903
Pioneers of Electrochemical Principles
Walter Nernst
Jaroslav Heyrovský
Nobel Prize in 1920
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Nobel prize in 1959

10. Elecrtoranlytical Technique- RajaRam
Georg Ohm
Ohm’s Law
The amount of current passing through the conductor is proportional to the electric potential applied.
V = I R
R = Resistance in Ohms (Ω)
Conductance, S = 1 / R Ω -1 Ohms-1
(Mohs)
S, Siemens
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11. Elecrtoranlytical Technique- RajaRam
Syllabus The following Electroanalytical techniques are included in Analytical Chemistry of Biochemistry 4th Semester of PU 1. Conductometry 2. Potentiometry 3. Amperometric Titration 4. Coulometry Titration 5. Polarography
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12. Main Branches of Electroanalytical Chemistry
1. Conductometry : Measure the conductance of a solution.
Direct conductometry and conductometric titration.
2. Potentiometry: Measure the potential of electrochemical cells without drawing substantial current
pH measurements, ion-selective electrodes, potentiometric titration
3. Amperometric Titration: Measures current as a function of titrant.
4. Coulometric Titration: Measures the quantity of charge required to drive an electrolytic oxidation/reduction to completion
Polarography: Measures current as a function of applied potential in a dropping mercury electrode.
Potentiometric titration endpoint determination has several advantages, including applicability to turbid solutions. KF uses bipotentiometric endpoint determination with Pt electrodes.
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13. Elecrtoranlytical Technique- RajaRam
Svante Arrhenius
Nobel Prize in 1903
For the Theory Electrolytic Dissociation
Electrolytes when dissolved in water they split
into charge particles called ions
Cations (+) Anions (-)
Strong Electrolytes
Weak Electrolytes
Non- electrolytes
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14. Elecrtoranlytical Technique- RajaRam
Jaroslav Heyrovský
Nobel prize in 1959
For the development of polarographic technique of analysis
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15. Elecrtoranlytical Technique- RajaRam
M. Faraday
Faraday’s Laws of Electrolysis
Faraday Ist Law : The mass of the substance discharge at the electrode during electrolysis is directly proportional to the quantity of charge passed through the electrolyte.
w =zct
Faraday II : The masses of different substances discharged at the electrode by the same quantity of electricity are proportional to their chemical equivalent
w/E = constant
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16. Elecrtoranlytical Technique- RajaRam
Walter Herman Nernst N
Nobel Prize in Chemistry 1920
For outstanding contribution in chemistry.
How the electrode potential vary with concentration
Walter Nernst( )
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17. for your kind attention
Thank You
for your kind attention
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