1. Revolutions in the First Half of the 19th Century Major Theme #1- Conservative v Liberal/Radical Pressure is Building

2. Major Theme #2 Different Roads to Liberal/Radical Reform Some countries managed moderate reform peacefully: _______________ (???) Some countries had violent clashes in 1830 and 1848: _______________ (???) Other countries just had violent clashes in 1848: ________________ (???)

3. Major Theme #3 Anti-Conservative forces had initial success, but this success was damaged by __________________________________ __________________________________

4. England ‘Relatively Peaceful Experimentation’ Conservative Forces Tories Corn Laws –Why corn? Battle of Petersloo Six Acts Liberal/Radical Forces Whigs –Bourgeois, not mob Reform Bill of 1832 –Redistricting, end of ‘rotten boroughs’, increasing franchise Chartists/Anti-Corn Law League –Influenced by the Irish Potato Blight –Corn Laws repealed –England is free trade for good Possible because the king sided with Whig Controlled House of Commons over Tory Controlled House of Lords

5. England

6. Greek Independence Movement Romantic Poet Lord Byron THE isles of Greece! the isles of Greece! Where burning Sappho loved and sung, Where grew the arts of war and peace,--- Where Delos rose and Phoebus sprung! Eternal summer gilds them yet, But all, except their sun, is set. Died Fighting Ottomans In Greece

8. Greek Independence Movement Who, in Europe, supported it? –Liberals, Romantics, nationalists –Why? Greece= great symbol for Romantics- cradle of Western Civilization Who, in Europe, opposed it? –Conservative monarchs –Why? Nationalist revolutions are bad –Why was their opposition more easily overcome in Greece? Well, it is only ‘heathens’ being overthrown Battle of Navarino Who fought who? –British, French, Russians fought Turks Outcome? –Ottoman navy crushed- independent Greece

9. Greece Uh, oh! Whew!

10. France- 1830 Louis XVIII –Genuinely cared about people –1815 People’s Charter was a genuinely liberal Constitution Charles X –Louis’ brother –Reactionary –Rejects Charter –people revolt- Charles steps down Louis Philippe –Supposedly will provide liberal reforms, but instead, sets up ‘bourgeois monarchy’

11. I’m Free! Me Too! Get Back In There! Just you wait for 1848! Hey, that rhymed!

12. France – 1848 Unhappiness of the 1840s Revolutions of 1848 were all partly spurred by a European wide famine, most notably occurring in Ireland Louis Philippe’s Gov’t would not consider liberal reform The Revolution When Parisian Working Class and students and bourgeois revolted, Louis Philippe tried to abdicate in favor of his son The rioters refuse and demand a republic Thus, middle class and the working class were unified in the beginning Narrow Streets ??? (see page 783 in McKay)

13. Revolutionaries Soon Couldn’t Agree Moderates –Full Franchise –Labor laws –End of death penalty –Key figure??? _Alexis de Toqueville_____ Radicals –No private property –National workshops/ full employment –Key figure??? __Louis Blanc____ France – 1848 (cont.) Which side should I join? French Farmer

14. National French Elections (first French formal full-franchise phenomenon- forgive frivolity) Moderates win Constituent Assembly Marginalize radicals Scrap national workshops –Why did the moderates hate this so much? Leads to another urban revolution  June Days! National guard (largely peasant) had sympathies with the bourgeois middle class… puts down June Days rebellion New constitution set up is surprisingly conservative- why? Louis Napoleon is elected –Note the name! –Name represents order! –Strong executive is a basically ______________ ideologically –Revolution failed! France – 1848 (cont.)

15. I’m Free! Me Too! Get Back In There! I’ll see you in hell! It’s ON! Heh, heh, heh.

16. Austria– 1848 Primed by France’s Revolt and Poor Economic Conditions Tipped off by Hungarian Revolt, Anti-Conservatives Had Near- Total Success –Metternich Fled the Country Once Again, Anti-Conservative Forces Can’t Agree Nationalism Added A Wrinkle Not Present in France, Which Surprisingly Helped Conservative Monarchy –Hungarians want a nation, but they reject the national desires of their own minority groups –Conservative leadership uses this to divide and conquer Ultimately, With Help, Conservative Forces Regained Complete Control –Russia steps in to Crush Uprisings

17. Prussia in 1848 Anti-Conservative Uprising Prussian King Agrees to Accept Liberal Reforms Prussian King rejects the ‘crown from the gutter’ Other Germans, notably Austria, refuse to give him the crown of Germany ‘from on high’ Conservative forces marshal to crush the liberal uprising Germany not unified

18. HansenName ____________________ AP Euro Period _________ The Age of Ideologies Lecture #3 ‘ The Greek Revolution and the Revolutions of 1848 (OR) The Pot Boileth Over’ Note-Taking Guide) Major Themes –Major Theme #1- Conservative v Liberal/Radical Pressure is Building –Different Roads to Liberal/Radical Reform Some countries managed moderate reform peacefully: _______________ Some countries had violent clashes in 1830 and 1848: _______________ Other countries just had violent clashes in 1848: ________________ –Anti-Conservative forces had initial success, but this success was damaged by __________________________________ __________________________________ England ‘Relatively Peaceful Experimentation’ –Conservative Forces –_________________ Corn Laws –Why corn? Battle of Petersloo _____________________ –Liberal/Radical Forces ___________________ –______________________________________ –Reform Bill of 1832 _____________________________________________ –Chartists/Anti-Corn Law League Influenced by the ______________________________ __________________________________ England is ___________________________ –Possible because _______________ with Whig Controlled House of Commons over Tory Controlled House of Lords Greek Independence Movement –Who, in Europe, supported it? ______________________________________________ –Why? –Greece= great symbol for Romantics- ___________ ________________________________________ –Who, in Europe, opposed it? ________________________________ Why? –______________________________________ (Greece cont.) Why was their opposition more easily overcome in Greece? –______________________________________ –Battle of Navarino Who fought who? –_________________________________________ Outcome? –__________________________________________ France – 1830 –Louis XVIII _________________________________ 1815 ___________________ was a genuinely liberal Constitution –Charles X Louis’ brother _________________________ __________________________ people revolt- _________________________ –Louis Philippe Supposedly will provide liberal reforms, but instead, sets up ‘_________________________’ France – 1848 –Unhappiness of the 1840s Revolutions of 1848 were all partly spurred by a __________________, most notably occurring in Ireland Louis Philippe’s Gov’t ___________________________ –The Revolution When Parisian Working Class and students and bourgeois revolted, Louis Philippe tried to abdicate in favor of his son _____________________________________________ Thus, middle class and the working class were _______ _____________________________________________ Narrow Streets ??? (see page 783 in McKay)

19. (France 1848 continued) –Revolutionaries soon couldn’t agree Moderates –______________________ –Labor laws –End of death penalty –Key figure??? _________________________ Radicals –No private property –______________________________________ –Key figure??? _____________________ Peasants? _____________________________________ –National French Elections _________________________ Constituent Assembly Marginalize radicals Scrap national workshops –Why did the moderates hate this so much? - ______________________________________ ______________________________________ Leads to another urban revolution  ______________ –National guard (largely peasant) had sympathies with the bourgeois middle class… _____________________________ New constitution set up is surprisingly conservative- why? ________________________________________ –Louis Napoleon is elected ____________________! Name represents ________________! Strong executive is a basically ______________ ideologically __________________________! Austria 1848 –Primed by France’s Revolt and __________________________ –Tipped off by _______________________, Anti-Conservatives Had Near-Total Success _________________________ Fled the Country –Once Again, Anti-Conservative Forces Can’t Agree –Nationalism Added A Wrinkle Not Present in France, Which Surprisingly _________________________________________ Hungarians want a nation, but they reject the national desires of ____________________________________ Conservative leadership uses this _________________ __________________________ –Ultimately, With Help, Conservative Forces Regained Complete Control __________________________________ Prussia in 1848 – Anti-Conservative Uprising –Prussian King Agrees to ______________________________ –Prussian King rejects the ‘crown from the gutter’- meaning??? ___________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________ –Other Germans, ______________________, refuse to give him the crown of Germany __________________________________ –Conservative forces marshal to crush the liberal uprising –________________________________