1. and the people who live there
A very brief history of
IRAQ,
and the people who live there

2. Before World War I After World War I
Iraq was under the control of the Ottoman Empire (now Turkey).
After World War I
The British help create what is now Iraq, lumping together the Sunni, Shia and Kurdish people. The British install King Faisal to rule.

3. 1934 World War II Oil is first exported from Iraq.
The Iraqi people are split – some side with the Germans, some with the British.

4. After World War II
For about 20 years after World War II, Iraq was very unstable.
Leaders were assassinated
Alliances with other countries were formed and broken
Thousands of civilians were killed
There were many conflicting political parties

5. 1979 Saddam in Control 1980 - 1988 Iran-Iraq War
He had been vice-president. When the president, Al-Bakr, resigned, Saddam takes control and immediately executes about 20 political rivals and enemies.
Iran-Iraq War
Saddam wanted to capture some disputed territory and oil fields
The US sided with Iraq!
The Iran-Iraq war ends in stalemate; an estimated 1 million soldiers are killed in eight years of fighting.

6. 1990 Iraq Invades Kuwait
Saddam wants to increase his territory and claim Kuwait’s oil resources.
Iraq invades Kuwait and is condemned by the United Nations Security Council (UNSC) Resolution 660, which calls for the full withdrawal.
Kuwaiti citizens are killed and tortured by Saddam’s army. Kuwaiti property is confiscated or destroyed.
UNSC Resolution 678 authorizes the states cooperating with Kuwait to use "all necessary means" to uphold UNSC Resolution 660; UN orders Iraqi withdrawal by January 15, 1991.

7. 1991 The Gulf War
January: The Gulf War starts with coalition forces begin aerial bombing of Iraq, "Operation Desert Storm".
February: Kuwait is freed from the Iraqi army
March: Iraq accepts the terms of a ceasefire. The primary ceasefire resolution is UNSCR 687 (April 3) requiring Iraq to end its weapons of mass destruction programs, recognize Kuwait, account for missing Kuwaitis, return Kuwaiti property and end support for international terrorism. Iraq is required to end repression of its people.

8. Who lives in Iraq?

9. Religious Differences
Mohammed (“The Praised”)
570 – 632 AD

10. Who leads after Mohammed dies?
…OR FAMILY?
FRIENDS…
SHIA “Follower of Ali”
The leaders of Islam, called IMAMS, should be from the Prophet’s family, or appointed by Allah
SUNNI “One who follows the tradition of the Prophet”
Elect the leaders of Islam, called CALIPHS

11. Ethnic Differences
ARABS & KURDS

13. Life under Saddam Hussein
THE SUNNI

14. Life under Saddam Hussein
THE SHIA

15. Life under Saddam Hussein
THE KURDS

16. The New Iraq

17. Insurgents