1. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Regulating the Exchange of Tactical Information Using the KAoS Policy Services Framework Larry Bunch Florida Institute for Human and Machine Cognition IHMC: Jeff Bradshaw (PI), Matt Johnson, James Lott, Paul Feltovich, Niranjan Suri, Marco Carvalho ARL CISD: Larry Tokarcik, Robert Winkler, Somiya Metu July 22, 2009

2. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Objectives Facilitate secure automated information sharing in net-centric environments –Heterogeneous (e.g. coalition forces) –Tactical (e.g. MANET) Through a framework for regulating information sharing –Rich language to associate information sharing contexts with requirements –Automated control and enforcement capabilities –Maintain human oversight and approval

3. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Policy Focus More flexible and open information exchange depends upon Semantically-rich policy representations –Specify the kinds of information that can be shared and with whom –Identify operational contexts that impact information sharing –Easily extend to include new domains and concepts Advanced policy reasoning capabilities –Context matching –Spatial reasoning –Temporal reasoning Advanced policy enforcement capabilities –automatically filter information –abstract and transform information –maintain appropriate levels of human oversight and approval

4. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Policy Representation Rich and meaningful –Describe contexts in human-accessible terms involving multiple attributes at multiple levels of abstraction Formal –Support automated reasoning and enforcement Flexible and Extensible –Quickly adapt to changing needs and contexts W3C standard Web Ontology Language (OWL) extended with Role-Value-Map ‘variables’ and enhanced reasoning capabilities

5. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Information Sharing Policy

6. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Policy Representation Easy to use graphical tools –Policy templates and wizards –Hypertext policy definition language

7. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Policy Representation

8. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Policy Representation Support for obligations as well as authorizations –Transform & Redact –Prioritize & Delay –Notify & Share –Obtain human approval Support for sophisticated context descriptions –Actions –Actors –Attributes –States –History

9. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Policy Reasoning Context matching –Deontic logic using description logic to classify actions and context attributes at multiple levels of abstraction –Intensional and extensional group membership –Role and team assignments Spatial reasoning –Location (e.g. within an area of operations) –Proximity (e.g. unit to SOF) Temporal reasoning –Relationships among actions

10. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Policy Enforcement Application –Policy-aware systems interpret and apply policy to modify their behavior Middleware –Enforcement components are dynamically instantiated by middleware to apply policy without the knowledge and cooperation of the affected applications

11. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Policy Enforcement Topologies

12. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Blue Force Tracking Demonstration Policy-based control over the symbols shared among coalition forces –Domain (US Class., US Unclass., UK, NGO) –MIL-STD-2525b Symbol Affiliation, Echelon, Status, Country Warfighting Symbols, Tactical Graphics... Spatial Reasoning Agile Computing Middleware enforcement

13. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Blue Force Tracking Demonstration

14. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance MIL-STD-2525b Ontology

15. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Blue Force Tracking Demonstration Symbol abstraction policy –SOF warfighting symbol abstracted to No Fire Zone tactical graphic for US unclassified domains Proximity-based exception policy –SOF symbol revealed to US forces when within N meters of US unclassified forces Middleware enforces policies by dynamically instantiating transformation and filtering components

16. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Blue Force Tracking: Abstraction

17. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Blue Force Tracking: Proximity

18. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Unattended Sensor Data Harvesting Demonstration MANET environment Policy control of the Agile Computing Dissemination Service to independently regulate Replication of data by the middleware –Prioritize what data is replicated based on mission –Prevent/Permit a network node to be a carrier Clients’ ability to subscribe, send, and receive data –Prevent/Permit based on metadata (e.g. type, source, classification level) –Transform, redact, notify, approve Sensor alerting based on prior alert patterns –A1 followed by A2 within 5 min. followed by A4 => Low Priority

19. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Unattended Sensor Data Harvesting Demonstration

20. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Harvesting Demonstration

21. Advanced Decision Architectures Collaborative Technology Alliance Transition ARL CISD, Adelphi: in-house development of unattended sensor signaling policies ARL CISD, Aberdeen: intelligence analyst support tool CERDEC: COBRA and THINK ATO’s