1. Mapping of the Impact Of Sea Level Rise On Arab States
Mohamed El Raey
University of Alexandria
Regional Center for Disaster Risk Reduction

2. Impacts of Sea level rise
Impacts include:
Direct inundation
Salt water intrusion
Soil Salinization
Impacts of extreme events such as surges and flash floods
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3. Vulnerability of the coastal zone
Population and population density
Land use
Urban structures
Industrial structures
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4. Estimated Magnitudes of SLR
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5. Prof El Raey
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6. Population at Risk in the Arab world
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7. Prof El Raey
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8. Overall Vulnerable areas
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9. World Bank comparison among potential impacts of Sea level rise on Arab States
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10. Impact of storm surges
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11. Egypt
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12. Land subsidence
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13. Satellite estimation of Land subsidence
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14. Saudi Arabia
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15. Yemen
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16. Extensive urbanization in Emirates
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17. 3m SLR in Emirates (sea Level Explorer)
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18. Percentage inundation in Emirates
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19. Kingdom of Bahrain
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20. Kuwait
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21. 3m SLR in Kuwait
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22. 1m sea level rise at Djibouti
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23. Prof El Raey
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24. Mediterranean Coast of Morocco Snousi et al,2008
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25. Eastern coast of Sudan on the Red Sea at I.0 m sea level rise
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26. Qatar at 1m sea level rise
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27. Southern Iraq at 3m Sea level rise
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28. Iraq Kuwait Borders
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29. Mauritania at 1m SLR
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30. Libya at 1m Slr
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31. Conclusions
All Arab countries are highly vulnerable with varying magnitudes. Many such as Egypt, Saudi Arabia, Emirates, Tunisia and Morocco have realized the seriousness of these impacts to their economy and have started steps towards adaptation and risk reduction and many have just started.
Excessive coastal urbanization, oil and groundwater extraction especially in high population densities areas and gulf countries, constitutes serious risk to coasts and coastal properties, especially in the absence of accurate data and information on coastal land subsidence
No systematic observations on coastal land subsidence and changes especially of areas subject to excessive petroleum and gas extraction. There is a high shortage of human capacity in most countries
Increasing severity and frequency of extreme events constitute a serious threat to the coastal and non-coastal communities due to increasing rates of droughts, flash floods and heat waves. Very limited institutional capacities for risk reduction already exist.
The shortage of systematic observation systems, lack of awareness and weak enforcement of environmental regulations constitute basic obstacles for proper implementation of proactive planning for sustainable development
Many decision makers take advantage of uncertainties of sea level rise not to take strategic decisions. However, it should be noted that all required decisions are needed whether we have a sea level rise or not. All countries should take action for adaptation the sooner the better.
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32. Recommendations
A Regional integrated center for climate change and risk assessment has been established (RCDRR) and needs to be supported for development of data base and systematic observations of the region. The center should be capable to provide data and information to researchers
A data base of systematic observation of sea level parameters such as sea level, storm surges, water and soil salinity, coastal temperatures and phytoplankton, erosional pattern and coastal socioeconomic parameters, must be established
Systematic observations of land subsidence has to be carried out by radar imagery interferometry in coastal areas of oil extraction to identify and assess rates of land subsidence and vulnerability to sea level rise
Encouraging and supporting research and building capacities in the lines of systematic observations, time series analysis, modelling, water desalination and wastewater treatment , salt tolerant plants, extreme events and awareness programs for vulnerable communities
Upgrading awareness and building national capacities
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