1. Georgia Performance Standards SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia.SS8H6 The student will analyze the impact of the Civil War and Reconstruction on Georgia. b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War; include Antietam, the Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville.b. State the importance of key events of the Civil War; include Antietam, the Emancipation Proclamation, Gettysburg, Chickamauga, the Union blockade of Georgia’s coast, Sherman’s Atlanta Campaign, Sherman’s March to the Sea, and Andersonville. c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau; sharecropping and tenant farming; Reconstruction plans; 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the constitution; Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators; and the Ku Klux Klan.c. Analyze the impact of Reconstruction on Georgia and other southern states, emphasizing Freedmen’s Bureau; sharecropping and tenant farming; Reconstruction plans; 13th, 14th, and 15th amendments to the constitution; Henry McNeal Turner and black legislators; and the Ku Klux Klan.

2. Review Questions 1.Where did the Civil War begin and end? a. Fort Sumter; Gettysburg b. Gettysburg; Appomattox Courthouse c. Fort Sumter; Appomattox Courthouse 2. What were the two main causes of the Civil War? 3. What was Sherman’s March to the Sea? 4. What happened at the Battle of Gettysburg?

3. Review The Civil War

4. Causes of the Civil War Eli Whitney’s Cotton Gin increased demand for enslaved workersEli Whitney’s Cotton Gin increased demand for enslaved workers Southern states:Southern states: –States’ rights –Support of slavery –Agricultural economy Northern states:Northern states: –Opposed slavery –Industrial economy

5. Compromises Missouri CompromiseMissouri Compromise Compromise of 1850Compromise of 1850 Kansas-Nebraska ActKansas-Nebraska Act Dred Scott DecisionDred Scott Decision

6. Key Events of the Civil War Fort SumterFort Sumter AntietamAntietam Emancipation ProclamationEmancipation Proclamation GettysburgGettysburg ChickamaugaChickamauga Sherman’s March to the SeaSherman’s March to the Sea AndersonvilleAndersonville

7. Activity Write a paragraph that explains how you think life in the South was after the Civil War. Do you think everything returned back to normal? Was everyone friendly to one another? You need AT LEAST FIVE sentences.Write a paragraph that explains how you think life in the South was after the Civil War. Do you think everything returned back to normal? Was everyone friendly to one another? You need AT LEAST FIVE sentences.

8. Review Questions The Dred Scott decision made by the Supreme Court in 1857 declared that… a. slaves were citizens of the US. a. slaves were citizens of the US. b. slaves were property, were not US citizens, and had no right to sue. c. Dred Scott should be set free and given protection in the North 2. The ______________________ was the main reason that the Southern states seceded from the Union. 3. What caused the need for slavery? 4. Which is a reason many Georgia plantation owners favored secession? a. Fear that abolition would end their way of life b. The need to import large numbers of new slaves c. The supported Abraham Lincoln

9. The End of the War At the end of the war, Southern troops were tired and outnumbered.At the end of the war, Southern troops were tired and outnumbered. In Virginia, Grant was wearing down Lee’s troops.In Virginia, Grant was wearing down Lee’s troops. Remember, Sherman swept through Georgia.Remember, Sherman swept through Georgia. The war was ending. Some Southerners were ready to stop fighting, but some wanted to continue.The war was ending. Some Southerners were ready to stop fighting, but some wanted to continue.

10. Surrender at Appomattox Courthouse General Lee sent word to Jefferson Davis that he could not stop Union forces from taking Richmond.General Lee sent word to Jefferson Davis that he could not stop Union forces from taking Richmond. Lee wanted to continue the fight, but he knew it was time to end.Lee wanted to continue the fight, but he knew it was time to end. Lee met with Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia and agreed on terms of surrender.Lee met with Grant at Appomattox Courthouse in Virginia and agreed on terms of surrender. –Confederate troops surrendered their weapons and were allowed to go home. –They were not tried for treason.

12. Show video: http://www.history.com/topics/freedmens -bureau/videos#legacy-of-the-civil-warShow video: http://www.history.com/topics/freedmens -bureau/videos#legacy-of-the-civil-war http://www.history.com/topics/freedmens -bureau/videos#legacy-of-the-civil-war http://www.history.com/topics/freedmens -bureau/videos#legacy-of-the-civil-war

13. Think, Pair, Share The Civil War has just ended, and the Southern economy is in ruins. Slavery has been abolished. Northerners and Southerners feel deep anger toward one another. As a member of Congress, you must help rebuild the nation. What problems would you face in rebuilding the nation? How would you get rid of tension between the North and the South?

14. 1. How do we bring the South back into the Union? 2. How do we rebuild the South after its destruction during the war? 3. How do we integrate and protect newly- emancipated black freedmen? 4. What branch of government should control the process of Reconstruction? Key Questions…

15. Conditions After the War… After the war, the South was an economic, social, and political wreck.After the war, the South was an economic, social, and political wreck. Cities and towns like Atlanta, GA; Richmond, VA, and Columbia, SC were in ruins.Cities and towns like Atlanta, GA; Richmond, VA, and Columbia, SC were in ruins. Life for the new freedmen was very unstable.Life for the new freedmen was very unstable. Freedmen did things that were prohibited under slavery:Freedmen did things that were prohibited under slavery: –Held religious services –Bought guns –Were not friendly to white men –Changed their names

16. Presidential Reconstruction Proclamation of Amnesty and Reconstruction (December 8, 1863): Plan to help rebuild or reconstruct the South before allowing Southerners to reenter the Union. Ten Percent Plan: When 10% of the white male voting population had taken an oath of loyalty, they would be recognized. After the oath, the Southern government also had to write a new constitution that made slavery illegal. After Lincoln died, Vice-President Andrew Johnson became president. His plan was similar to Lincoln’s, but he had higher demands for Southerners. Johnson had additional requirements for Southern states: Ratify the 13 th Amendment Cancel the Ordinance of Secession Cancel all wartime debts Write a constitution that included a provision of the abolition of slavery

17. President Andrew Johnson

18. Reconstruction in Georgia President Johnson appointed James Johnson as Georgia’s temporary Governor.President Johnson appointed James Johnson as Georgia’s temporary Governor. Constitution of 1865:Constitution of 1865: –Delegates were white men who wanted to preserve white supremacy (control of political system by whites) –Went along with requirements set by President Johnson –Elections were held, and the government began to reform. –The newly elected legislature ratified the 13 th Amendment. Amendment.

19. Radical (Congressional) Plan for Readmission  Congress and many Northerners thought the South should be punished.  Required new state constitutions, including black suffrage and ratification of the 13 th and 14 th Amendments.  In March, 1867, Congress passed an act that authorized the military to enroll eligible black voters and begin the process of constitution making.

20. Freedmen’s Bureau (1865) The Freedmen’s Bureau was established to help the new freedmen and poor whites get food, shelter, and clothing. The Bureau, along with other religious organizations, also established schools for the freedmen.

21. Freedmen’s Bureau School

22. Southern Labor After the Civil War, whites still owned most of the land.After the Civil War, whites still owned most of the land. Without property of their own, former slaves returned to work on plantations – this time as wage earners.Without property of their own, former slaves returned to work on plantations – this time as wage earners. Plantation owners desperately needed workers, so different systems were created:Plantation owners desperately needed workers, so different systems were created: –Gang Labor - similar to slavery; worked under the supervision of a white overseer –Wage Labor – workers agreed to be paid at harvest time –Contract System – workers signed a contract that explained the agreement between the worker and landowner.

23. Sharecropping Under this system, a freedman or poor white would work a plot of land for the landowner.Under this system, a freedman or poor white would work a plot of land for the landowner. The sharecropper received a portion of the land at harvest time.The sharecropper received a portion of the land at harvest time. The landowner provided the sharecropper a place to live, seed for planting, farm tools, and food on credit (the cost of these items was deducted from the money earned from the sharecroppers portion of the crop).The landowner provided the sharecropper a place to live, seed for planting, farm tools, and food on credit (the cost of these items was deducted from the money earned from the sharecroppers portion of the crop). Landowners sometimes cheated the sharecropper out of money earned.Landowners sometimes cheated the sharecropper out of money earned. Page 292Page 292

24. Tenant Farming Similar to sharecroppingSimilar to sharecropping Tenants usually owned some agricultural equipment and farm animals.Tenants usually owned some agricultural equipment and farm animals. They also bought their own seed and.They also bought their own seed and fertilizer. They still paid landowners, but since they owned more than sharecroppers, they made a.They still paid landowners, but since they owned more than sharecroppers, they made a small profit.

25. Black Codes Georgia had met all of President Johnson’s requirements, but Republicans still weren’t satisfied because Southerners were mistreating freedmen. Southern whites passed the Black Codes: Created racial segregation Prohibited interracial marriage Blocked African Americans from serving on juries Prohibited them from testifying against whites in court

26. Civil Rights Act of 1866 Northern Republicans were outraged at the South’s attempts to deny freedmen their rights.Northern Republicans were outraged at the South’s attempts to deny freedmen their rights. This act guaranteed the rights of freedmen and blocked the Black Codes.This act guaranteed the rights of freedmen and blocked the Black Codes. Freedmen’s Bureau was extended.Freedmen’s Bureau was extended. Congress passed the 14 th Amendment, which guaranteed citizenship to all people born in the US, except Native Americans.Congress passed the 14 th Amendment, which guaranteed citizenship to all people born in the US, except Native Americans.

27. Congress Breaks with the President - Facts Joint Committee on Reconstruction created. February, 1866  President Johnson vetoed the Freedmen’s Bureau Bill. March, 1866  Johnson vetoed the 1866 Civil Rights Act. Congress passed both bills over Johnson’s vetoes  1 st in U. S. history.

28. Review  Lincoln Plan: Southerners would be pardoned if they took an oath of allegiance.  Congressional Plan: The South would be treated like a conquered country.  Andrew Johnson Plan: Approve the 13th Amendment and get rid of secession laws.

29. 13 th Amendment Ratified in December, 1865. Prohibited slavery/involuntary servitude. Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States or any place subject to their jurisdiction. Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.

30. 14 th Amendment Ratified in July, 1868. Granted citizenship to the freedmen and forbade state from denying anyone the “equal protection of the law.” Provide a constitutional guarantee of the rights and security of freed people. Insure against neo-Confederate political power. Enshrine the national debt while repudiating that of the Confederacy.

31. 15 th Amendment  Ratified in 1870.  Granted all male citizens the right to vote regardless of race, color, or pervious condition of servitude.  The right of citizens of the United States to vote shall not be denied or abridged by the United States or by any state on account of race, color, or previous condition of servitude.  The Congress shall have power to enforce this article by appropriate legislation.  Women’s rights groups were furious that they were not granted the vote.

32. Activity Create a pro/con list that explains the positives and negatives of life in the south after the Civil War. You must have AT LEAST five details written under each category (pro/con) You can set it up like this: Life in the South After the War ProsCons

33. Review Questions 1. A supporter of President Lincoln’s plans for Reconstruction would most likely have agreed with which of these statements? a. All southern plantations should be divided among former slaves. b. All Confederate officers should be tried for war crimes. c. It is important that the North support policies that help the South recover as quickly as possible. 2. Which Reconstruction Plan focused on punishing the South for the Civil War? a. Congressional (Radical) b. Presidential (Lincoln/Johnson)

34. 3. After the Civil War, the typical planter in Georgia had plenty of land but no labor to work it. How was slave labor replaced in Georgia? SS8H6c a)Landowners shared resources with each other until harvest time b)Landowners allowed people with no land to grow crops on their acreage for a share of those crops c)Large numbers of black Georgians became landowners and hired other black people to work the land 4. Which organization was created to help supervise the transition of slaves to freedmen? a) Morehouse College b) Freedmen’s Bureau c) NAACP

35. Henry McNeal Turner and Black Legislators  First black men to be elected in the Georgia General Assembly in1867.  Were expelled (kicked out of office) in 1868 on the grounds that the constitution gave African Americans the right to vote but did not specifically give them the right to hold political office.

36. Ku Klux Klan  Secret organization that tried to keep freedmen from exercising their new civil rights.  Terrorized African Americans to keep them from voting.  Beatings, whippings, murders