1. The Start of the American Civil War A Deeper Look into the Causes, Leaders, Battles... Ms. Scahill’s PowerPoint Lesson One

2. The Question of the Day: - Imagine you are a Southern Slave: Describe what life was life for you. Explain your family and working situations, where you live, and what you feel the worst part about slavery is.

3. The Objectives : Be able to identify the causes, strategies, and encounters of the American Civil War. Be able to identify the causes, strategies, and encounters of the American Civil War. Be able to explain the advantages and disadvantages that both sides had during the war Be able to explain the advantages and disadvantages that both sides had during the war Be able to interpret the feelings of Southerners, Northerners, and slaves of the time period. Be able to interpret the feelings of Southerners, Northerners, and slaves of the time period. In group discussions, be able to answer series of questions and explain the rationale of the answers. In group discussions, be able to answer series of questions and explain the rationale of the answers. Finally, be excited about exploring one of the most influential wars in history! Finally, be excited about exploring one of the most influential wars in history!

4. Marching off to War... President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to serve as soldiers in a campaign against the South. President Lincoln called for 75,000 volunteers to serve as soldiers in a campaign against the South. The South thought they had the right to succession, to leave the Union. They wanted to keep their way of life- slavery! The South thought they had the right to succession, to leave the Union. They wanted to keep their way of life- slavery! Northerners believed they were fighting to preserve the Union. NOT about abolishing slavery...many Northerners were still racist. Northerners believed they were fighting to preserve the Union. NOT about abolishing slavery...many Northerners were still racist.

5. Advantages/Disadvantage s The North had a larger population than the South (four times as many citizens). Therefore, they had more soldiers. The North also had more factories that made weapons and supplies for the soldiers. The North had a larger population than the South (four times as many citizens). Therefore, they had more soldiers. The North also had more factories that made weapons and supplies for the soldiers. The South had “home field advantage”. They knew the way of the land. They were fighting a defensive war. To remain a separate country, the South just needed to keep the North from their land. The South had “home field advantage”. They knew the way of the land. They were fighting a defensive war. To remain a separate country, the South just needed to keep the North from their land. The North established the first “Total War” warfare– Northern factories produced 90% of the nation’s good. They started to made guns, cannons, and supplies for the Union. The North established the first “Total War” warfare– Northern factories produced 90% of the nation’s good. They started to made guns, cannons, and supplies for the Union.

6. Leaders and Actions President Lincoln declared martial law, ruling by and army instead of the government. He did not have that much experience in politics or military aspects. However, he gained the respected of his people throughout the war. President Lincoln declared martial law, ruling by and army instead of the government. He did not have that much experience in politics or military aspects. However, he gained the respected of his people throughout the war. Jefferson Davis was made President of the Confederacy. He studied at the US Military Academy at West Point. He spent much of his time worrying about small matters. Jefferson Davis was made President of the Confederacy. He studied at the US Military Academy at West Point. He spent much of his time worrying about small matters. Many of the best military leaders of the army became leaders of the Confederacy. Many of the best military leaders of the army became leaders of the Confederacy.

7. Strategies: The Union planned to use its navy to blockade the Southern ports, which would cut off the South’s trade relationship with Europe. Also, the Union wanted to: In the EAST-seize the Confederate capital, Richmond. In the WEST- seize the Mississippi to prevent river supplies to the South’s troops. The Union planned to use its navy to blockade the Southern ports, which would cut off the South’s trade relationship with Europe. Also, the Union wanted to: In the EAST-seize the Confederate capital, Richmond. In the WEST- seize the Mississippi to prevent river supplies to the South’s troops.

8. Battle of Bull Run BATTLE OF BULL RUN- July 12, 1861- President Lincoln sent troops to Richmond, Virginia. The two sides met each other near a stream called Bull Run. BATTLE OF BULL RUN- July 12, 1861- President Lincoln sent troops to Richmond, Virginia. The two sides met each other near a stream called Bull Run. A Confederate General, Thomas Jackson, held strong like a “stone wall”, hence, his nickname “Stonewall Jackson”. A Confederate General, Thomas Jackson, held strong like a “stone wall”, hence, his nickname “Stonewall Jackson”. After a long and extremely bloody battle, the Union retreated. This battle signified that this war will not be “quick and easy” like both sides assumed. After a long and extremely bloody battle, the Union retreated. This battle signified that this war will not be “quick and easy” like both sides assumed. After the devastating loss, President Lincoln appointed General George McClellan as commander of the Union. He was very organized but not aggressive. Jefferson Davis, leader of the Confederacy, appointed General Robert E. Lee as the Commander of the Confederate Army. After the devastating loss, President Lincoln appointed General George McClellan as commander of the Union. He was very organized but not aggressive. Jefferson Davis, leader of the Confederacy, appointed General Robert E. Lee as the Commander of the Confederate Army.

9. Navy In the battles of the Civil War the navy used ships covered in steel for the first time. These ships were called ironclad ships. The Confederates used a steel ship called the Merrimack to fight the war. They covered the ship with steel and renamed it the Virginia. On its maiden voyage, this Confederate ironclad destroyed two Union ships. In the battles of the Civil War the navy used ships covered in steel for the first time. These ships were called ironclad ships. The Confederates used a steel ship called the Merrimack to fight the war. They covered the ship with steel and renamed it the Virginia. On its maiden voyage, this Confederate ironclad destroyed two Union ships. The Union used a steel ship called Monitor. This was the first Union ironclad that held its own in battle but was unable to claim a victory. The Union used a steel ship called Monitor. This was the first Union ironclad that held its own in battle but was unable to claim a victory. In the end of the battle between the two ships neither was seriously damaged but both sides realized that ironclad ships has changed naval warfare forever. In the end of the battle between the two ships neither was seriously damaged but both sides realized that ironclad ships has changed naval warfare forever.

10. Battle of Antietam There was the Battle of Antietam in September, 1862, in Antietam, Maryland. At this battle General Lee left a copy of his battle plans at an abandoned campsite. General George McClellan had a clear chance at victory when he saw the plans, but he acted to slow. As a result, 23,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in battle. Neither side was a clear winner of this battle. There was the Battle of Antietam in September, 1862, in Antietam, Maryland. At this battle General Lee left a copy of his battle plans at an abandoned campsite. General George McClellan had a clear chance at victory when he saw the plans, but he acted to slow. As a result, 23,000 Union and Confederate soldiers died in battle. Neither side was a clear winner of this battle. General George McClellan did a poor job so he was replaced by General Burnside, as the Commander of the Army of the Potomac, after the George McClellan army failed at this opportunity to win the war. General George McClellan did a poor job so he was replaced by General Burnside, as the Commander of the Army of the Potomac, after the George McClellan army failed at this opportunity to win the war. Soon after, General Ulysses S. Grant was appointed as the new General and Commander of the Union Army. Lincoln was looking for a general that would lead the Union to a victory, and he strongly believed that Grant was the general that could win the war. Soon after, General Ulysses S. Grant was appointed as the new General and Commander of the Union Army. Lincoln was looking for a general that would lead the Union to a victory, and he strongly believed that Grant was the general that could win the war.

11. Victories in the East and West CONFEDERATES IN THE EAST- The Confederate army won the Battle of Fredericksburg. At this battle, Lee’s soldiers dug into a hill and mowed down wave after wave of charging Union troops. The Confederates also won at a thickly wooded ground at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Lee and Jackson defeated the Union troops in 3 days. The South lost the great leader, “Stonewall” Jackson at his battle- He died from gunshot wounds from his own men. CONFEDERATES IN THE EAST- The Confederate army won the Battle of Fredericksburg. At this battle, Lee’s soldiers dug into a hill and mowed down wave after wave of charging Union troops. The Confederates also won at a thickly wooded ground at the Battle of Chancellorsville. Lee and Jackson defeated the Union troops in 3 days. The South lost the great leader, “Stonewall” Jackson at his battle- He died from gunshot wounds from his own men. UNION TROOPS IN THE WEST- Lincoln needed a victory. On April 6, 1862 at the Tennessee River, General Grant won one of the bloodiest battle, The Battle Of Shiloh. Grant surprised the Confederate soldiers by battling them the next day, winning the battle. Also, While Grant was leading his troops at the Battle of Shiloh, Union ships captured New Orleans and Memphis. UNION TROOPS IN THE WEST- Lincoln needed a victory. On April 6, 1862 at the Tennessee River, General Grant won one of the bloodiest battle, The Battle Of Shiloh. Grant surprised the Confederate soldiers by battling them the next day, winning the battle. Also, While Grant was leading his troops at the Battle of Shiloh, Union ships captured New Orleans and Memphis.

12. Video Clip http://www.history.com/topics/battle-of- antiem/videos - the-battle-of-antietamhttp://www.history.com/topics/battle-of- antiem/videos - the-battle-of-antietamhttp://www.history.com/topics/battle-of- antiem/videos - the-battle-of-antietamhttp://www.history.com/topics/battle-of- antiem/videos - the-battle-of-antietam This is a video taken from www.History.com that summarizes the events that took place at the Battle of Antietam

13. Work Cited Image-slide one-http://ipadinsight.com/ipad-app- reviews/review-civil-war-1863-for-ipadImage-slide one-http://ipadinsight.com/ipad-app- reviews/review-civil-war-1863-for-ipad Image-slide two- (map)- http://www.civilwarinfoguide.com/american_civil_war.ht mlImage-slide two- (map)- http://www.civilwarinfoguide.com/american_civil_war.ht ml http://www.civilwarinfoguide.com/american_civil_war.ht ml http://www.civilwarinfoguide.com/american_civil_war.ht ml Image-slide seven-(cannon)- http://www.globalrhetoric.com/2013/01/30/another-shot- fired-in-mdgop-civil-war/Image-slide seven-(cannon)- http://www.globalrhetoric.com/2013/01/30/another-shot- fired-in-mdgop-civil-war/ Video Clip- http://www.history.com/topics/battle-of- antiem/videos - the-battle-of-antietamVideo Clip- http://www.history.com/topics/battle-of- antiem/videos - the-battle-of-antietamhttp://www.history.com/topics/battle-of- antiem/videos - the-battle-of-antietamhttp://www.history.com/topics/battle-of- antiem/videos - the-battle-of-antietam Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, The American Journey : The Civil War. New York, N.Y.: McGraw Hill, 2010.Glencoe/McGraw-Hill, The American Journey : The Civil War. New York, N.Y.: McGraw Hill, 2010.