2. Remnants of disappearing Southern dialect features: areas maintaining the distinction of four vs. for, dew vs. do, which vs. witch and vocalization of /r/

3. Project on Cross-Dialectal Comprehension: Gating Experiment 2 Word Phrase Sentence 1. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 2. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 3. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 4. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 5. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 6. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 7. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 8. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 9. _________ ________________ ___________________________ 10. ________ ________________ ___________________________

4. The Southern Shift sit set sat ate seat sight

5. The Southern Shift hit kids set bed Danny grade beatin’ Guy wipin’

6. The Southern Shift

7. The Southern Shift in the vowel system of Thelma M., 31, Birmingham, TS 341

9. The Southern Shift in the vowel system of Lucy C., 35, Chattanooga, Tennessee, TS 612

11. The Southern Shift beatin’ grade Guy wipin’ hit kids set bed Danny beatin’

12. Monophthongal /ay/ in five of Belle M., 67 [1995], Birmingham TS 340

13. Monophthongal /ay/ in five of Sheldon M, 31, [1996], Lubbock TX, TS 542

14. Monophthongal /ay/ in five of Matthew D., 45, [1996], Charlotte NC, TS 483

15. Map 18.2. The South defined by monophthongization of /ay/

16. Fig. 18.1. Percent monophthongization of /ay/

17. Map 18.4. Monophthongization of /ay/ in 1940s and 1990s

18. Map 18.6. Stages 2 and 3 of the Southern Shift

19. Fig. 18.2. Outer limits of stage 1 of the Southern Shift

20. Figure 18.2. The second stage of the Southern Shift

21. Stage 2 of the Southern Shift

22. Figure 18.4. The third stage of the Southern Shift

23. Fig. 18.9. The Southern Shift of /ay/, /ey/ and /iy/ highlighted in the normalized means of 402 Telsur speakers displayed by Plotnik Major

24. Fig. 18.6. Percent back upglide with /oh/

25. Figure 18.5. The Southern Shift and the low back upglide

26. Fig. 18.6. Percent back upglide with /oh/

27. The Southern Shift sit set sat ate seat sight Southern England, Australia, New Zealand, Outer Banks (U.S.) Southern U.S.

28. Southern Shift correlations

29. Areas of borderers settlement [Hackett 1989]

30. Settlement patterns of four regional cultures YankeeVirginiaQuaker Upland South SettlementTownsPlantations FarmIsolated villagesclusters House locationRoadsideSetbackCorner-Creek clusters& spring Internal LowModerateHighVery high migration Persistence75-96%50-75%40-60%25-40% David Hackett Fisher, Albion’s Seed, p. 814

31. Slave and free states

32. Confederate States of America [light green: claimed but no formal control

33. The Midland and South re-defined on the basis of phonology