1. Nobel Gas Envy

2. Neon is a Happy Atom
Neon is happy because it has eight valence electrons.
All atoms want to be like Neon!

3. Is Sodium (Na) a Happy Atom?
How many valance electrons does Na have?
Proton
Neutron

4. No, Sodium is not Happy! Na has only one valance electron.
To be happy it needs eight.
How can Na become happy?

5. Na could add 7 valance electrons
Wow, that takes too much work and energy to gain 7 more electrons!

6. Maybe Na could lose one electron.
If Na loses an electron it then has 8 valence electrons….and is Happy like Neon!

7. But is it still Sodium? How many Protons does this atom have? Proton
Neutron

8. Sodium’s name is changed from Na to Na+
Since Na lost an electron it now has a positive charge?
And it is a Happy atom!!
11 Proton
10 Electrons

9. Let’s look at Fluorine.
Is F an happy atom?
Proton
Neutron

10. No, Fluorine is not Happy!
F has seven valance electrons.
To be happy it needs eight.
How can F become happy?

11. Fluorine could loose 7 valance electrons
Wow, that takes too much work and energy to lose all 7 electrons!

12. Maybe Fluorine could gain 1 electron!
If F gains one valence electron, then it would have eight valence electrons and be a happy, atom like Neon!

13. But is it still Fluorine?
The number of protons tells us what element it is. If it still has 9 protons, then it is still Fluorine!
Proton
Neutron

14. But Fluorine has changed its name from F to F-
The number of protons has not changed, but there is now an extra, negatively charged electron.
Extra electron!
9 Proton
10 electron

15. Do they have a full valence shell like Neon?
Identify the following two atoms and decide if they are ‘Happy Atoms’ or not.
Do they have a full valence shell like Neon?

16. What needs to be done for these atoms to become ‘Happy Atoms’?
Beryllium
Oxygen

17. The Transformation! O-2 Be+2
Now Oxygen has 8 valence electrons. Is it a Happy Atom?
How about Beryllium???

18. Is Beryllium a Happy Atom???
Beryllium has only two electrons.
Is its outermost energy level full?

19. Yes, Beryllium is a Happy Atom!!!
Beryllium could never be like Neon with 8 valence electrons, but it can be like Helium, another Nobel Gas that is inert just like Neon.

20. Decide how to make each of the following atoms Happy Atoms.
Fluorine
Magnesium
Nitrogen
Sulfur
Boron
Potassium
Argon
Carbon

21. Which elements will combine (bond) to form compounds?
Magnesium
Sulfur
Mg and S (Mg loses 2 e- and S gains 2 e-)

22. Which elements will bond?
B and N will bond.
K and F will bond.
Draw the bonds between:
Boron and Nitrogen (worth 5 points)
Potassium and Flourine (worth 5 points)
C will bond but in a different way
Ar will not bond

23. Exit Ticket: Which elements will bond?
Lithium
Calcium
Boron
Xenon
Oxygen
Chlorine
Neon
Phosphorus