1. LATHE MACHINE OPERATION - FACING
This is an operation of removing metal from the work-face by feeding the tool at right angles to the axis of the work.

2. PURPOSE OF FACING
To have a reference plane to mark and measure the step lengths of work.
To have a face at right angle to the axis of the work.
To remove the rough surface on the faces of the work and have finished faces instead.
To maintain the total length of the work.

3. PLAIN TURNING Rough turning, using roughing tool or knife tool.
Finish turning using a finishing tool.

4. GROOVING
Grooving is the process of turning a grooved form or channel on a cylindrically turned work piece. The shape of the cutting tool and depth to which it is fed determine the shape of the groove.

5. TYPE OF GROOVES
Square grooves
Round groove
`V`shaped groove

6. CHAMFERING
To remove burrs and sharp edges from the turned components to make their handling safe.
To permit for easy assembly of mating components.
To provide better appearance.

7. MATHOD OF CHEFERING Form tool method Filling method
Compound slide method

8. TYPE OF KNURLING Diamond knurling Straight knurling Cross knurling
Concave knurling
Convex knurling

9. TYPES OF MANDRELS Expansion mandrel Gang mandrel Stepped mandrel
Screw or threaded mandrel
Taper shank mandrel
Cone mandrel

10. DRILLING AND BORING
Drilling is the operation of originating circular holes. The tool employed for this purpose is a drill.
Two different method are employed in a lathe for this operation.
Work is clamped in the headstock in a chuck or on the faceplate. The drill is held in the tailstock and fed.