1. RELATIVE PRONOUNS We use RELATIVE PRONOUNS to add a relative clause to a sentence. The relative pronoun refers to the noun before the relative clause. You are the person WHO gets the highest marks.

2. RELATIVE PRONOUNS WHO / THAT  people The girl who / that works at the library is very friendly. WHICH / THAT  things School is a place which / that gives you an education. WHEN  time There are times when my mind goes completely blank during his lessons. WHERE  spaces and places You need to find a room where you can study properly. WHOSE  possession There isn’t anyone in the class whose marks are worse than mine.

3. Complete each sentence with a suitable relative pronoun. There may be more than one possible answer. ① We often hear about people ….. have survived terrible disasters. ② It’s wonderful to hear about the good luck ….. saved them. ③ But there are also people ….. luck isn’t so good. ④ The writer of the diary was in Sri Lanka on the day ….. the tsunami happened. ⑤ Sri Lanka was the place ….. the tsunami killed over 30,000 people. ⑥ I’ve got a friend ….. brother is a rescue worker. ⑦ That’s the site ….. the hotel collapsed.

4. Complete each sentence with a suitable relative pronoun. There may be more than one possible answer. ① We often hear about people WHO / THAT have survived terrible disasters. ② It’s wonderful to hear about the good luck ….. saved them. ③ But there are also people ….. luck isn’t so good. ④ The writer of the diary was in Sri Lanka on the day ….. the tsunami happened. ⑤ Sri Lanka was the place ….. the tsunami killed over 30,000 people. ⑥ I’ve got a friend ….. brother is a rescue worker. ⑦ That’s the site ….. the hotel collapsed.

5. Complete each sentence with a suitable relative pronoun. There may be more than one possible answer. ① We often hear about people WHO / THAT have survived terrible disasters. ② It’s wonderful to hear about the good luck WHICH / THAT saved them. ③ But there are also people ….. luck isn’t so good. ④ The writer of the diary was in Sri Lanka on the day ….. the tsunami happened. ⑤ Sri Lanka was the place ….. the tsunami killed over 30,000 people. ⑥ I’ve got a friend ….. brother is a rescue worker. ⑦ That’s the site ….. the hotel collapsed.

6. Complete each sentence with a suitable relative pronoun. There may be more than one possible answer. ① We often hear about people WHO / THAT have survived terrible disasters. ② It’s wonderful to hear about the good luck WHICH / THAT saved them. ③ But there are also people WHOSE luck isn’t so good. ④ The writer of the diary was in Sri Lanka on the day ….. the tsunami happened. ⑤ Sri Lanka was the place ….. the tsunami killed over 30,000 people. ⑥ I’ve got a friend ….. brother is a rescue worker. ⑦ That’s the site ….. the hotel collapsed.

7. Complete each sentence with a suitable relative pronoun. There may be more than one possible answer. ① We often hear about people WHO / THAT have survived terrible disasters. ② It’s wonderful to hear about the good luck WHICH / THAT saved them. ③ But there are also people WHOSE luck isn’t so good. ④ The writer of the diary was in Sri Lanka on the day WHEN / THAT the tsunami happened. ⑤ Sri Lanka was the place ….. the tsunami killed over 30,000 people. ⑥ I’ve got a friend ….. brother is a rescue worker. ⑦ That’s the site ….. the hotel collapsed.

8. Complete each sentence with a suitable relative pronoun. There may be more than one possible answer. ① We often hear about people WHO / THAT have survived terrible disasters. ② It’s wonderful to hear about the good luck WHICH / THAT saved them. ③ But there are also people WHOSE luck isn’t so good. ④ The writer of the diary was in Sri Lanka on the day WHEN / THAT the tsunami happened. ⑤ Sri Lanka was the place WHERE the tsunami killed over 30,000 people. ⑥ I’ve got a friend ….. brother is a rescue worker. ⑦ That’s the site ….. the hotel collapsed.

9. Complete each sentence with a suitable relative pronoun. There may be more than one possible answer. ① We often hear about people WHO / THAT have survived terrible disasters. ② It’s wonderful to hear about the good luck WHICH / THAT saved them. ③ But there are also people WHOSE luck isn’t so good. ④ The writer of the diary was in Sri Lanka on the day WHEN / THAT the tsunami happened. ⑤ Sri Lanka was the place WHERE the tsunami killed over 30,000 people. ⑥ I’ve got a friend WHOSE brother is a rescue worker. ⑦ That’s the site ….. the hotel collapsed.

10. Complete each sentence with a suitable relative pronoun. There may be more than one possible answer. ① We often hear about people WHO / THAT have survived terrible disasters. ② It’s wonderful to hear about the good luck WHICH / THAT saved them. ③ But there are also people WHOSE luck isn’t so good. ④ The writer of the diary was in Sri Lanka on the day WHEN / THAT the tsunami happened. ⑤ Sri Lanka was the place WHERE the tsunami killed over 30,000 people. ⑥ I’ve got a friend WHOSE brother is a rescue worker. ⑦ That’s the site WHERE the hotel collapsed.

11. RELATIVE CLAUSES They give essential information about the noun that they follow. She’s the woman WHO I met last night. We can omit the relative pronoun if it is the object of the relative clause. That’s the film that / which we saw. He’s the teacher that / who I can’t stand. They give extra information about the noun they follow. We can’t omit the relative pronoun. We always use commas. We never use ‘that’. John Brown, who is 81 years old, has just passed an A-level exam. My university has a great library, which is a big advantage. Defining Relative Clauses Non-defining Relative Clauses

12. These are non-defining relative clauses. Complete them with the correct relative pronoun and add the commas. ① I couldn’t help the young girls ….. were swept away by a wave. ② The wave ….. was over a metre high came out of nowhere. ③ The tsunami ….. effects were terrible will never be forgotten. ④ Our hotel ….. hundreds of tourists were staying was destroyed.

13. These are non-defining relative clauses. Complete them with the correct relative pronoun and add the commas. ① I couldn’t help the young girls, WHO were swept away by a wave. ② The wave ….. was over a metre high came out of nowhere. ③ The tsunami ….. effects were terrible will never be forgotten. ④ Our hotel ….. hundreds of tourists were staying was destroyed.

14. These are non-defining relative clauses. Complete them with the correct relative pronoun and add the commas. ① I couldn’t help the young girls, WHO were swept away by a wave. ② The wave, WHICH was over a metre high, came out of nowhere. ③ The tsunami ….. effects were terrible will never be forgotten. ④ Our hotel ….. hundreds of tourists were staying was destroyed.

15. These are non-defining relative clauses. Complete them with the correct relative pronoun and add the commas. ① I couldn’t help the young girls, WHO were swept away by a wave. ② The wave, WHICH was over a metre high, came out of nowhere. ③ The tsunami, WHOSE effects were terrible, will never be forgotten. ④ Our hotel ….. hundreds of tourists were staying was destroyed.

16. These are non-defining relative clauses. Complete them with the correct relative pronoun and add the commas. ① I couldn’t help the young girls, WHO were swept away by a wave. ② The wave, WHICH was over a metre high, came out of nowhere. ③ The tsunami, WHOSE effects were terrible, will never be forgotten. ④ Our hotel, WHERE hundreds of tourists were staying, was destroyed.

17. Combine sentences using a defining relative clause. Make any necessary changes. ① Here is a woman. She survived the tsunami. ② That new CD is great. You bought it. ③ They have caught the tiger. It escaped from the zoo. ④ The artist is very talented. He won first prize. ⑤ Those are the neighbours. Their dog bit me. ⑥ This is the town. I was born here. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day. We met on that day. ⑧ The article was about a child. Her mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

18. Combine sentences using a defining relative clause. Make any necessary changes. ① Here is a woman. She survived the tsunami. Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ② That new CD is great. You bought it. ③ They have caught the tiger. It escaped from the zoo. ④ The artist is very talented. He won first prize. ⑤ Those are the neighbours. Their dog bit me. ⑥ This is the town. I was born here. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day. We met on that day. ⑧ The article was about a child. Her mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

19. Combine sentences using a defining relative clause. Make any necessary changes. ① Here is a woman. She survived the tsunami. Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ② That new CD is great. You bought it. That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger. It escaped from the zoo. ④ The artist is very talented. He won first prize. ⑤ Those are the neighbours. Their dog bit me. ⑥ This is the town. I was born here. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day. We met on that day. ⑧ The article was about a child. Her mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

20. Combine sentences using a defining relative clause. Make any necessary changes. ① Here is a woman. She survived the tsunami. Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ② That new CD is great. You bought it. That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger. It escaped from the zoo. They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ④ The artist is very talented. He won first prize. ⑤ Those are the neighbours. Their dog bit me. ⑥ This is the town. I was born here. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day. We met on that day. ⑧ The article was about a child. Her mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

21. Combine sentences using a defining relative clause. Make any necessary changes. ① Here is a woman. She survived the tsunami. Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ② That new CD is great. You bought it. That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger. It escaped from the zoo. They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ④ The artist is very talented. He won first prize. The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ⑤ Those are the neighbours. Their dog bit me. ⑥ This is the town. I was born here. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day. We met on that day. ⑧ The article was about a child. Her mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

22. Combine sentences using a defining relative clause. Make any necessary changes. ① Here is a woman. She survived the tsunami. Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ② That new CD is great. You bought it. That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger. It escaped from the zoo. They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ④ The artist is very talented. He won first prize. The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ⑤ Those are the neighbours. Their dog bit me. Those are the neighbours whose dog bit me. ⑥ This is the town. I was born here. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day. We met on that day. ⑧ The article was about a child. Her mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

23. Combine sentences using a defining relative clause. Make any necessary changes. ① Here is a woman. She survived the tsunami. Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ② That new CD is great. You bought it. That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger. It escaped from the zoo. They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ④ The artist is very talented. He won first prize. The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ⑤ Those are the neighbours. Their dog bit me. Those are the neighbours whose dog bit me. ⑥ This is the town. I was born here. There is the town where I was born. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day. We met on that day. ⑧ The article was about a child. Her mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

24. Combine sentences using a defining relative clause. Make any necessary changes. ① Here is a woman. She survived the tsunami. Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ② That new CD is great. You bought it. That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger. It escaped from the zoo. They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ④ The artist is very talented. He won first prize. The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ⑤ Those are the neighbours. Their dog bit me. Those are the neighbours whose dog bit me. ⑥ This is the town. I was born here. There is the town where I was born. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day. We met on that day. I’ll never forget the day when / that we met. ⑧ The article was about a child. Her mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

25. Combine sentences using a defining relative clause. Make any necessary changes. ① Here is a woman. She survived the tsunami. Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ② That new CD is great. You bought it. That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger. It escaped from the zoo. They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ④ The artist is very talented. He won first prize. The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ⑤ Those are the neighbours. Their dog bit me. Those are the neighbours whose dog bit me. ⑥ This is the town. I was born here. There is the town where I was born. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day. We met on that day. I’ll never forget the day when / that we met. ⑧ The article was about a child. Her mother had rescued her during the tsunami. The article was about a child whose mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

26. Look at your answers to previous exercise. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun? ① Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ② That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ④ The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ⑤ Those are the neighbours whose dog bit me. ⑥ There is the town where I was born. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day when / that we met. ⑧ The article was about a child whose mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

27. Look at your answers to previous exercise. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun? ① Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ✓ ② That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ④ The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ⑤ Those are the neighbours whose dog bit me. ⑥ There is the town where I was born. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day when / that we met. ⑧ The article was about a child whose mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

28. Look at your answers to previous exercise. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun? ① Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ✓ ② That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ④ The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ⑤ Those are the neighbours whose dog bit me. ⑥ There is the town where I was born. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day when / that we met. ⑧ The article was about a child whose mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

29. Look at your answers to previous exercise. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun? ① Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ✓ ② That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ✓ ④ The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ⑤ Those are the neighbours whose dog bit me. ⑥ There is the town where I was born. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day when / that we met. ⑧ The article was about a child whose mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

30. Look at your answers to previous exercise. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun? ① Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ✓ ② That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ✓ ④ The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ✓ ⑤ Those are the neighbours whose dog bit me. ⑥ There is the town where I was born. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day when / that we met. ⑧ The article was about a child whose mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

31. Look at your answers to previous exercise. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun? ① Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ✓ ② That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ✓ ④ The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ✓ ⑤ Those are the neighbours whose dog bit me. ✓ ⑥ There is the town where I was born. ⑦ I’ll never forget the day when / that we met. ⑧ The article was about a child whose mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

32. Look at your answers to previous exercise. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun? ① Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ✓ ② That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ✓ ④ The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ✓ ⑤ Those are the neighbours whose dog bit me. ✓ ⑥ There is the town where I was born. ✓ ⑦ I’ll never forget the day when / that we met. ⑧ The article was about a child whose mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

33. Look at your answers to previous exercise. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun? ① Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ✓ ② That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ✓ ④ The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ✓ ⑤ Those are the neighbours whose dog bit me. ✓ ⑥ There is the town where I was born. ✓ ⑦ I’ll never forget the day when / that we met. ⑧ The article was about a child whose mother had rescued her during the tsunami.

34. Look at your answers to previous exercise. In which sentences can you omit the relative pronoun? ① Here is a woman who / that survived the tsunami. ✓ ② That new CD which / that you bought is great. ③ They have caught the tiger which / that escaped from the zoo. ✓ ④ The artist who / that won first prize is very talented. ✓ ⑤ Those are the neighbours whose dog bit me. ✓ ⑥ There is the town where I was born. ✓ ⑦ I’ll never forget the day when / that we met. ⑧ The article was about a child whose mother had rescued her during the tsunami. ✓