1. Skinner to Maslow

2. * Psychologists classify mental disorders into three categories: * 1 st – Neuroses: * Individuals experience high level of anxiety or tension in coping with their daily lives. * Panic attacks, phobias, obsessive-compulsivity disorder.

3. * 2 nd – Psychoses: * Disconnection from the real world and may suffer delusions or hallucinations and requires treatment so they can live a normal life. * Example: Paranoia: irrational thoughts of persecution or foreboding. * Schizophrenia: a complex disorder that leads to feelings of stress and social isolation.

4. * 3 rd - Anti-Social Personality Disorder * A habitual pattern of rule- breaking and harming others. * Symptoms include pathological lying, absence of empathy, deliberately causing pain, lack of feelings of guilt.

5. * Burrhus Frederick (B.F). Skinner (1904-1990) * American, Behavioural psychologists * Learning experiments on animals-rats and pigeons. * Believed that experiments on animals could reveal insight applicable to humans.

6. * Learning can be programmed by whatever consequences follows a particular behaviour. * People repeat behaviour that is rewarded and avoid behaviours that are punished. * “The Behaviour of Organisms” (1938 )

7. * The rats learned through trial and error to press the appropriate lever whenever they are hungry or thirsty. * People could be conditioned to behave in certain ways by giving them rewards when they displayed good behaviour and withholding rewards when they displayed bad behaviour.

8. * Behavioural modification is possible through exploration and treatment of the unconscious mind. * Success in therapy relied on ability of therapists to correctly understand how the personality was formed in the human mind. * Two types of Individuals: * Introverts * Look inward for well-being * Loners * Extroverts * Draw others close for well- being * Outgoing

9. * American Psychologist known for his analysis of human needs. * “Hierarchy of human needs in Motivation and Personality” (1954) and “Toward a Psychology of Being” (1962). * Human needs range from basic survival to love and esteem. * The satisfactions of needs leads us to the next phase. * People who have been unable to satisfy their need for esteem are unable to focus on the common need of all and therefore, cannot integrate and make whole the personality.