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Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
Carbon and the Molecular Diversity of Life
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What was the first organic molecule to be synthesized in the laboratory?
ammonium cyanate hydrogen cyanide urea acetic acid methane Answer: c
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What was the first organic molecule to be synthesized in the laboratory?
ammonium cyanate hydrogen cyanide urea acetic acid methane
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Carbon is an unusual atom in that it can form multiple bonds
Carbon is an unusual atom in that it can form multiple bonds. Which statement is NOT true? A carbon-to-carbon cis double bond is the type found in nature and is associated with cardiovascular health. A carbon-to-carbon trans double bond is made artificially in food processing and is associated with poor cardiovascular health. Multiple carbon-to-carbon double bonds located near each other can absorb light, so they are found in molecules in the eye or in chloroplasts. Multiple carbon-to-carbon bonds are stronger than single bonds. Saturated fats are those that have a carbon-to-carbon double bond and are associated with good health. Answer: E This question emphasizes the application of material in Concept 3.1. 4
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Carbon is an unusual atom in that it can form multiple bonds
Carbon is an unusual atom in that it can form multiple bonds. Which statement is NOT true? A carbon-to-carbon cis double bond is the type found in nature and is associated with cardiovascular health. A carbon-to-carbon trans double bond is made artificially in food processing and is associated with poor cardiovascular health. Multiple carbon-to-carbon double bonds located near each other can absorb light, so they are found in molecules in the eye or in chloroplasts. Multiple carbon-to-carbon bonds are stronger than single bonds. Saturated fats are those that have a carbon-to-carbon double bond and are associated with good health. 5
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What type of chemical bond joins a functional group to the carbon skeleton of a large molecule?
covalent bond hydrogen bond ionic bond double bond disulfide bond Answer: a
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What type of chemical bond joins a functional group to the carbon skeleton of a large molecule?
covalent bond hydrogen bond ionic bond double bond disulfide bond
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Which of the following is NOT one of the seven functional groups found in biological molecules?
amino hydroxyl carboxyl cyanate phosphate Answer: d
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Which of the following is NOT one of the seven functional groups found in biological molecules?
amino hydroxyl carboxyl cyanate phosphate
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Which functional group behaves as a weak acid in organic molecules?
amino carboxyl carbonyl sulfhydryl hydroxyl Answer: b
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Which functional group behaves as a weak acid in organic molecules?
amino carboxyl carbonyl sulfhydryl hydroxyl
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Which functional group behaves as a weak base in organic molecules?
amino carboxyl carbonyl sulfhydryl hydroxyl Answer: a
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Which functional group behaves as a weak base in organic molecules?
amino carboxyl carbonyl sulfhydryl hydroxyl
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Which type of molecule always contains phosphate groups?
carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids none of the above Answer: d
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Which type of molecule always contains phosphate groups?
carbohydrates lipids proteins nucleic acids none of the above
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What type of isomer is propanal compared to acetone?
cis-trans isomer structural isomer enantiomer none of the above; these are not isomers Answer: b
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What type of isomer is propanal compared to acetone?
cis-trans isomer structural isomer enantiomer none of the above; these are not isomers
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Which type of molecule may contain sulfhydryl groups?
carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid all of the above Answer: c
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Which type of molecule may contain sulfhydryl groups?
carbohydrate lipid protein nucleic acid all of the above
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Which functional group is best known for its ability to change the shape of a molecule without affecting its reactivity? amino carboxyl sulfhydryl phosphate methyl Answer: e
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Which functional group is best known for its ability to change the shape of a molecule without affecting its reactivity? amino carboxyl sulfhydryl phosphate methyl
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Scientific Skills Questions
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The table below gives the molar ratios of some of the products from Stanley Miller’s abiotic synthesis of organic molecules experiment. What is the molar ratio of serine? 1 mole of serine per mole of glycine 3.0 x 102 moles of serine per mole of glycine 3.0 x 102 moles of glycine per mole of serine 1 mole of serine per 3.0 x 102 moles of glycine Answer: b
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The table below gives the molar ratios of some of the products from Stanley Miller’s abiotic synthesis of organic molecules experiment. What is the molar ratio of serine? 1 mole of serine per mole of glycine 3.0 x 102 moles of serine per mole of glycine 3.0 x 102 moles of glycine per mole of serine 1 mole of serine per 3.0 x 102 moles of glycine
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The table below gives the molar ratios of some of the products from Stanley Miller’s abiotic synthesis of organic molecules experiment. Which amino acid is present in higher amounts than glycine? serine methionine alanine serine and methionine Answer: c
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The table below gives the molar ratios of some of the products from Stanley Miller’s abiotic synthesis of organic molecules experiment. Which amino acid is present in higher amounts than glycine? serine methionine alanine serine and methionine
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Based on these results, how many molecules of methionine are present per mole of glycine?
1.08 x 1070 molecules 1.8 x 103 molecules 1.08 x 1021 molecules 6.02 x 1023 molecules Answer: c
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Based on these results, how many molecules of methionine are present per mole of glycine?
1.08 x 1070 molecules 1.8 x 103 molecules 1.08 x 1021 molecules 6.02 x 1023 molecules
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The synthetic atmosphere in this experiment contained H2S instead of water vapor. Which of these amino acids could not have been produced in Miller’s original abiotic synthesis experiment? serine methionine alanine glycine Answer: b
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The synthetic atmosphere in this experiment contained H2S instead of water vapor. Which of these amino acids could not have been produced in Miller’s original abiotic synthesis experiment? serine methionine alanine glycine
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