1. When you are done… Go to p. 418-9 and complete #1-9

2. Civics Unit 8 “North Carolina Constitution and Changes” (ch 12.2)

3. I. P PP Principles of the NC Constitution A.Popular sovereignty- people are source of power given to gov’t (more power than in Federal gov’t)

4. B.Separation of powers 1.executive- Governor ad Lt. Governor 2.legislative- General Assembly 3.Judicial- NC Supreme Court C. Checks and balances- same as with Fed gov’t

5. II. Declaration of Rights A.spells out the civil liberties B.Article I the Declaration of Rights includes 25 guarantees of freedom C.overlaps US Bill of Rights and Constitution 1.ex: assembly, petition, religion, ex post facto, rights of accused, jury, etc D.Other rights 1.more militia and arms, no secession, education, no imprisonment for debt, etc.

7. I. C CC Changes to NC Constitution A.Amendment Process 1.Proposal by General Assembly or convention 2.All amendments are approved by the voters

8. B.Citizens in Lawmaking 1.initiative- people propose legislation a.people sign petitions and submit to GA b.indirect (GA approves), direct (goes on the ballot) 2.Referendum- legislation referred to voters a.Amendments are approved through mandatory referendum b.GA may allow optional referendums because of popular demand or do not want responsibility

9. C.Changes to the NC Constitution 1.1776- created independent NC gov’t after the Declaration 2.1835- people elect governor and choose amendments, non-whites not allowed to vote 3.1868- US gov’t required changes to readmit NC 4.1971- simplified and clarified language 5.Later changes- governor allowed two terms, power to veto

10. Civics Unit 8 “Branches of North Carolina Government ” (ch. 13.1-2)

11. I. Legislative A.Powers of the General Assembly 1. Make laws a.General Statutes- laws that apply statewide b.laws for specific counties or cities 2.Impeachment- governor, judges, members of Council of State 3.Pass a budget- by law, must be balanced

12. B.Organization of General Assembly 1.Members a.NC Senate 50 members b.NC House of Representatives- 120 members 2.Elections a.no term limits b.G.A. redraws district lines each census c. each district has equal population

13. 3.Qualifications a.House- 21 years old, lived in district one year b.Senate- 25 years old, lived in NC two years 4.Leadership a.Speaker of House b.President of Senate is Lieutenant Governor, president pro tempore is leader

14. II. Executive (Governor) A.Chief of State- symbolic leader of NC B.Chief Executive- responsible for making sure policies are carried out (with Council of State) C.Qualifications- 30 years old, US citizen 5 years, lived in NC two years

15. D.Duties 1.appoints key officials 2.proposes state budget 3.supervises executive branch 4.veto power a.includes line item veto- may veto one or more items on bill without rejecting whole bill b.GA can override with 3/5 vote

16. 5.judicial powers a.pardon- release from legal consequence of crime b.commute- reduce sentence c.reprieve- postpone execution d.parole- release early from prison

17. Warm up List the differences between the State and Federal government looking at your 3.03 notes

18. E.Lt. Governor 1.elected for 4 years separately from governor 2.succeeds governor if becomes vacant 3.president of Senate F.Council of State- elected heads of gov’t agencies 1.Are under the governor but work independently 2.ex: Attorney General- lawyer for the state

19. III. Judicial (NC Supreme Court) A.Elected by voters, 7 members B.highest state court, interprets state constitution C.major function of reviewing decisions of lower courts in appeals D.final say in matters of state law

20. Civics Unit 8 “NC Supreme Court Cases and Civil Rights ” (ch. 13.3)

21. I. Role of the State and Federal Gov’t A.Bayard vs. Singleton (1787)- created NC judicial review B.14th Amendment- after civil war 1.every citizen has equal rights 2.Bill of rights apply to the states

22. II. Civil Rights A.State vs. Mann (1830) 1.owner charged for beating and shooting a slave 2.Court affirmed right of slavery, Supremacy of the NC Constitution

23. B.After Civil War 1.Jim Crowe Laws- laws that segregated public places (schools, restrooms, etc) 2.de jure segregated- segregation by law 3.laws were affirmed by Plessey (1896) and overturned by Brown (1954)

24. Education What do you think the greatest problems are in education in CMS/NC/US? If you could change one thing in the education system in CMS/NC/US what would you do? What do you think can be done to make up for the achievement gap between low performing and high performing schools?

25. C.Swann vs CMS (1965-1971) 1.choice in school and geography created de facto segregation- segregation in reality 2.US Supreme Court decided that school boards must actively integrate schools- forced busing

27. Leandro Reading 1.What is the core dilemma in this debate? 2.How are public schools funded? 3. (Rows 1,3,5) Make a list of arguments for local control of education 3. (Rows 2,4,6) Make a list of arguments against local control of education

28. D.Leandro vs NC (1997-2007) 1.Poor counties sued the state because not equal education funding 2.ruled that every student receive an adequate and “sound, basic” education 3.created criteria (state tests) for achieving grade level

29. Civics Unit 8 “Revenues, Taxes, and Expenditures” (ch. 14.3)

30. I. Non-tax Revenue Sources A.Federal Grants-in-Aid- federal money goes to state and local governments (usually for specific projects) B.Intergovernmental Revenue- money from one level of gov’t to another (federal-state, state- county or city)

31. C.Municipal Bonds- loans issued by state and local gov’ts to build highways, libraries, parks, schools, etc 1.may raise taxes to pay back 2.voters vote on bonds

32. D.Other sources 1.Fees- developers to use local service, use of utilities 2.Fines- punishment for violations 3.Licenses- grant permission (hunt, marriage, etc) 4.Permits- grant permission (construction project) 5.Tolls- roads, bridges 6.Lotteries- most states allow

33. Review 1.What terms are used for the creation and the expansion of municipalities? 2.What is the Declaration of Rights? 3.What is the difference between initiatives and referendums? 4.Name three differences between the NC gov’t and the US gov’t. 5.What were the holdings in State vs Mann and Leandro vs NC?

34. II. Taxes A.Sales Tax 1.easy to collect, dependable 2.regressive- people pay same amount B.State Income Tax- income of individuals and corporations 1.progressive- more income, higher percentage

35. C.Property Tax- biggest source of local money 1.real property- land, buildings, etc 2.personal property- cars, boats, jewelry D.Excise Taxes E.Estate Tax

36. III. Expenditures A.NC is legally required to balance the budget B.Education- (58% budget) 1.local taxes provide much funding 2.states set curricula, graduation req., pay for teachers

38. B.Public Safety- law enforcement and corrections system C.Highways and Roads- speed limits, licenses, inspections D.Other- Gov’t buildings, hospitals, libraries, parks