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The Rise of the Greeks 1000- 500 BCE
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Great Acropolis in Athens
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Because Greece is made up of many islands, and has many tall mountains, the Greeks began to build city-states instead of one country. A city-state is a city with its own laws, rulers, and money. City-states were cities that acted like countries
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Emergence of the Polis The polis (city-state) was an urban center and its rural territory Characteristic features of the polis included an acropolis, an agora (marketplace), fortified walls, and public buildings There were frequent wars between the various city-states
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Persian Wars: Famous Battles Marathon (490 BCE) 26 miles from Athens Thermopylae (480 BCE) 300 Spartans at the Mountain pass Salamis (480 BCE) Athenian navy victorious
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Greek Military The Greeks developed a style of warfare that used hoplites—a close formation of heavily armored infantrymen who would try to break the enemy’s line of defense The soldiers were mostly farmer-citizens who served for short periods of time when called
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Greek Hoplite
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This is a phalanx. Soldiers get in a tight box. They each have a large shield and a 9 foot long spear.
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Political: Athens was the first democracy Democracy: type of government where people vote. Well, actually, Athens was a direct democracy where people vote on everything. The U.S. today is a representative democracy, where we vote for people to make decisions for us.
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Social Inequality Athenian democracy was very limited in its scope Only free adult males participated in Athenian democracy They accounted for about 10 or 15 percent of the total population. Women, children, slaves, and foreigners did not have the rights of citizens
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Athenian Philosophers Socrates Know thyself! The unexamined life is not worth living. I know that I know nothing. question everything only the pursuit of goodness brings happiness. Plato The Academy The world of the FORMS The Republic philosopher-king
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Aristotle The Lyceum “Golden Mean” [everything in moderation]. Logic. Scientific method.
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SPARTA
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Spartan Society In order to ensure food supply, Sparta conquered their neighbors in Messina. Messinians were turned into slaves called helots. To guard against slave uprisings, Spartans developed a militaristic way of life.
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Spartans
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Sparta Spartan society was obsessed with war. Boys were sent to military school at a young age. Boys who are born deformed are left to die on mountainsides
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Peloponnesian Wars
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Athenian Navy Trireme trireme—a fast, maneuverable 170-oar boat Lower class Athenians were used as rowers. Tried to ram other ships or break off their oars.
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Alexander the Great
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Alexander’s Empire
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Greek Achievements Medicine – Hippocrates, “the Hippocratic oath” Math – Pythagoras, Euclid Drama – Aeschylus, Sophocles History – Thucydides The first Olympics Homer’s “Odyssey” and “Iliad” Greek Mythology Scientific Method
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Greek Alphabet
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