1. 10-2

2.  A. South-central region of Greece  B. Area was known as Peloponnesus  C. By 500 B.C., it became the greatest military power in Greece  D. Aristocrats controlled government  E. Had 2 kings that ruled together  1. little power  2. lead the army  3. conducted religious services

3.  F. Only aristocrats could be citizens  G. All citizens over 20 were members of the Assembly  1. passed laws  2. decided questions of war & peace  3. chose 5 managers (ephors) to take charge of the public and education  4. Council of Elders (men over 60) helped the ephors & suggested laws and served as court

4.  A. Helots – enslaved people  1. did the farming  2. turned over half of their crops to the aristocrats  B. Perioeci – merchants & artisans  1. took care of business & trade  2. were not slaves or citizens  C. Aristocrats – nobles  1. trained for the army & war

5.  A. Wanted to be the strongest people in Greece  1. examined newborn babies to determine their health (if they were healthy, they lived; if they were not healthy, they were left on the hillside to die)  B. Boys  1. at 7, they left to live in military camps  2. learned to read, write, & use weapons  3. little to eat, 1 outfit to wear, no shoes (examined every 10 days to make sure they weren’t getting fat)  4. walked in silence, head down, & only spoke when necessary  5. slept outdoors with no coverings

6.  C. Men  1. expected to marry at 20 yrs. old  2. expected to live in military barracks without their spouse  3. were able to retire from army at 60 yrs. old  D. Women  1. mixed freely with men (had more freedom than women from other nations)  2. enjoyed sports like wrestling & racing  3. told their men to come home either with their shields or on them (alive or carried back dead)

7.  E. Tried to prevent change, because they thought new ideas would weaken them  1. refused to use coins, did not develop literature & art, did not trade, etc.  2. remained a poor farming society that depended on slaves  3. their only goal was to be militarily strong